The Life and Works of Ben Jonson
Explore the life of Ben Jonson, a seminal figure in English literature, known for his plays like 'Volpone' and 'The Alchemist', and his contributions to courtly masques. His works, characterized by sharp wit and a satirical tone, have left a lasting impact on the development of drama and poetry. Despite controversies and legal troubles, Jonson's legacy as a master of the comedy of humours endures.
See moreEarly Life and Education of Ben Jonson
Benjamin Jonson was born on June 11, 1572, in London, England. He was the posthumous son of a minister and was later raised by his mother and stepfather, a bricklayer. Jonson's education began in the church school of St. Martin's Lane and later at the prestigious Westminster School, where he was tutored by the scholar William Camden. Camden's classical teachings greatly influenced Jonson's literary works. Although he was expected to attend Cambridge University, financial constraints led him to an apprenticeship in bricklaying. This trade, however, did not prevent Jonson from pursuing his passion for literature and drama.Jonson's Foray into Theatre and Personal Life
After serving in the military in the Netherlands, Ben Jonson turned to the theatre, working as an actor and playwright. He married Anne Lewis in 1594, and they had several children, though many of their lives were marked by tragedy, including the death of his eldest son to the plague, which Jonson immortalized in his poem 'On My First Sonne'. His play 'Every Man in His Humour' was performed in 1598, establishing his reputation as a playwright. Jonson's collaborations with other playwrights, including William Shakespeare, were significant, though the exact nature of their relationship is not well-documented.Controversies and Legal Troubles
Ben Jonson's life and career were marred by several controversies. His involvement with the satirical play 'The Isle of Dogs' resulted in a brief imprisonment. In 1598, a duel with actor Gabriel Spenser ended in Spenser's death, for which Jonson was tried and found guilty of manslaughter. He escaped the gallows by pleading "benefit of clergy," a medieval law allowing him to demonstrate his literacy to receive a more lenient punishment. During his imprisonment, Jonson converted to Catholicism, which he later renounced after twelve years.Jonson's Contributions to Courtly Entertainment
The reign of King James I brought new opportunities for Jonson, who became a prominent writer of masques—luxurious courtly entertainments involving poetry, music, dance, and elaborate sets. Jonson's masques were celebrated for their wit and ingenuity, and he enjoyed the patronage of various members of the nobility. However, his satirical plays, which often critiqued societal norms and political corruption, sometimes led to friction with the authorities and his patrons.The Height of Jonson's Literary Career
Ben Jonson's most productive period was between 1605 and 1620, during which he wrote some of his most famous plays, including 'Volpone' and 'The Alchemist'. These works are renowned for their complex characterizations and use of the comedy of humours, which depicted characters dominated by a single temperament or "humour." Jonson's poetry, including 'Song: to Celia' and 'To Penshurst', was compiled in the 1616 folio 'The Workes of Benjamin Jonson', which also included his plays and masques. His poetry is noted for its classical form, intellectual depth, and often satirical tone.Later Years and Legacy
The final years of Jonson's life were marked by declining health, including a series of strokes, and a lessening of his literary output. The political changes after the death of King James I also affected his standing. Nevertheless, Jonson's death on August 6, 1637, was a significant event, and he was honored with a burial in Westminster Abbey. His legacy endures as a master of the comedy of humours and as a central figure in the development of English drama and poetry. His works remain influential for their sharp characterizations and their role in shaping literary form and style.Want to create maps from your material?
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1
Birthdate and place of Benjamin Jonson
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Ben Jonson's parental background
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Reason Jonson didn't attend Cambridge University
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4
The play '______' premiered in 1598 and was instrumental in cementing Ben Jonson's status as a ______.
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5
Jonson's 'The Isle of Dogs' controversy
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1598 Jonson-Spenser duel outcome
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Jonson's 'benefit of clergy' plea
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8
Jonson's satirical works, critiquing ______ and ______, occasionally caused tensions with the ______ and his supporters.
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9
Ben Jonson's productive years
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Comedy of humours definition
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1616 Jonson folio contents
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12
Jonson's health deteriorated, including multiple ______, leading to a decrease in his literary work.
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13
Despite political shifts post-______ I's death, Jonson was buried with honors in ______ Abbey after passing away on ______ 6, 1637.
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