Introduction to Intellectual Property and Trademarks by European Patent Office

Introduction to Intellectual Property (IP)

Europäisches
Patentamt
European
Patent Office
Office européen
des brevets
EUIPO
EUROPEAN UNION
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OFFICE

Introduction to Intellectual Property (IP)
BT2008B - Planning of Biotechnological Processes
Intellectual Property Teaching KitINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
C
!
DESIGN
PATENTS
INVENTION
AUTHORSHIP
LAW
COPYRIGHT PROTECTION BRAND
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
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Types of IP

The different types of IP (I)

Legal right
What for?
How?
201
205
203
202
207-
6
-204-
D.H.
-206-
Utility models
New inventions
Application and
registration
10
14
12
Copyright
Original creative or
artistic forms
Exists
automatically
Patents
New inventions
Application and
examination
12
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The different types of IP (II)

Legal right
What for?
How?
Trademarks
Distinctive identification
of products or services
Use and/or
registration
Google
Registered
designs
External appearance
Registration
Trade secrets
Valuable information
not known to the public
Reasonable efforts
to keep secret
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IP Rights in Products

One product - many IP rights

Trademarks
• NOKIA
• Product '208'
• Start-up tone
Copyright
• Software
• User manuals
• Ringtones
• Start-up tone
• Images
Patents and utility models
• Data-processing methods
• Operating system
• Operation of user interface
Designs
• Form of overall phone
• Arrangement and shape of buttons
• Position and shape of screen
Trade secrets
• Some technical know-how kept
'in-house' and not published
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Importance of Intellectual Property

The importance of intellectual property (I)

• IP is an essential business asset in the knowledge economy
  - Sandvik AB: innovative high-technology tools
  and steel technology
  - ARM Holdings: licenses its technology to
  microprocessor companies
• IP protects small innovative firms
  - W. L. Gore & Associates: GORE-TEX®
  - Dolby Laboratories: invented noise-reduction technology
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The importance of intellectual property (II)

IP is needed to enable the release of IP into the public
domain under controlled conditions.
- General Public License (GPL): Linux
- Creative Commons License
• IP helps guarantee standards for public benefit by means
of licensed trademarks.
- Fairtrade International (FAIRTRADE)
- Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)
O
Y
U
O
H
K
R
B
N
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The IP System

Innovators
make significant investments
in developing new products
Competitors
benefit from their efforts
Heavy pressure
may drive the
innovator out of
business
Can offer similar or identical
products at a cheaper price
Get a free ride
on the back of the innovator's
creativity and inventiveness
IP system
Rights over the use of inventions, designs,
brands, literary and artistic works
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Examples of Valuable Intellectual Property

Optional
Examples of valuable intellectual property
Coca-Cola®
Coca-Cola
classic
Apple® iPod touch®
und der Stein
der Weisen
CARLITM
CARLSEN
und die Kammer
des Schreckens
CARLSEN
und der Gefangene
von Askaban
JK. Rowling
CARLSEN
und der Feuerkel
CARLSEN
und der Order
des Phonix
und der
Halbblutprinz
JK Rowling
und die
Heiligtomer
des Todes
Harry Potter
C)
AT
G
DNA copying process
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Polaroid® instant camera
POLAROI
Pod
iPod
HP HAP
GC
PATENTS
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Patents

What is a patent?

(19)
(11)
EP 1 535 121 B1
EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION
(45) Date of publication and mention
of the grant of the patent:
25.08.2010 Bulletin 2010/34
(51) Int Cl .:
G058 19/02/200400
G058 19/00 0008.41)
(21) Application number: 03728962.6
(22) Date of fling: 16.05.2003
(87) International pubilcation number:
WO 2003/100553 (04.12.2003 Gazette 2003/49)
(54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR AUTOMATICALLY SETTING UP A UNIVERSAL REMOTE CONTROL
SYSTEM UND VERFAHREN ZUM AUTOMATISCHEN EINRICHTEN EINER UNIVERSELLEN
FERNBEDIENUNG
SYSTEME ET PROCEDE PERMETTANT DE REGLER AUTOMATIQUEMENT UNE
TELECOMMANDE UNIVERSELLE
(84) Designated Contracting States:
AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR
HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR
• LILLENESS, Robert, P.
Cypress
California 90630-4841 (US)
(30) Priority: 20.05.2002 US 151635
• ARLING, Paul, D.
Irvine, CA 92620 (US)
(43) Date of publication of application:
01.06.2005 Bulletin 2005/22
(74) Representative: Stephen, Robert John
Olswang LLP
90 High Holborn
London WC1V 6XX (GB)
(73) Proprietor: UNIVERSAL ELECTRONICS, INC.
Cypress, CA 90630-4841 (US)
(56) References cited:
EP-A-1 198 069 EP-A2- 0 780 990
WO-A-00/17738
WO-A-01/39150
WO-A-01/59957
US-A- 5 410 326
US-A- 5 646 608
US-A-5 742 730
US-A- 6 104 334
EP 1 535 121 B1
Note: Within nine months of the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent in the European Patent
Bulletin, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to that patent, in nocordance with the
Implementing Regulations. Notice of opposition shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been
paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention).
Printet ay Houve, 75001 PARIS (FR)
Patents are granted in nearly
every country in the world!
• A legal title which grants the holder
- the exclusive right to prevent others from
making, using or offering for sale, selling or
importing a product that infringes his/her
patent without his/her authorisation
- in countries for which the patent was
granted
- for a limited time (up to 20 years).
• In return for this protection, the holder has to
disclose the invention to the public.
Reveal
invention
(disclosure)
Patent applicant
Get
exclusivity
(patent)
Public
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(72) Inventors:
HAYES, Patrick, H.
Mission Viejo, CA 92691 (US)
CONWAY, JR., James, N.
Laguna Beach, CA 92651 (US)
(86) international application number:
PCT/US2003/015459
(12)

What exactly can be patented?

Patents protect inventions which solve technical problems:
• chemical substances,
pharmaceuticals
• processes,
methods, uses
• products,
devices,
systems
Fig. 1
-
400
400
LA
-12
For an invention to be patented, it must usually be
v new to the world (i.e. not available to the public
anywhere in the world)
v inventive (i.e. not an 'obvious' solution), and
v susceptible of industrial application
In most countries, patents are not granted for
business methods or rules of games as such,
or for methods of treatment, diagnostics and
surgery on the human or animal body.
-30
0% %
-7%
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Knowledge Based IP Management System

Knowledge based Intellectual Property
Management System
IP Portfolio
Management
IP Searching
Recording
Internal database
Reminding
External databases
Reporting
Search map
DATABASES
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Databases

What is a database?

• A database is a collection of independent works, data or other materials arranged in a
systematic or methodical way and individually accessible by electronic or other means.
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Scope of protection for databases

• Directive 96/9/EC on the legal protection of databases
• Copyright protection
- Structure
- Originality
- Authorship
- Limited protection
• Sui generis protection
- Contents
- Investment
- Maker
• Computer programs excluded
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Rights and limitations for databases

• Copyright
- Restricted acts
- Exceptions
• Sui generis right
- 15 years
- Prevent:
• Extraction
• Reutilization
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Trademarks

TRADEMARKS
EGISTERED
TRADEMARK
TERED
REGISTE
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What is a trade mark?

• A trade mark is any sign capable of distinguishing the goods and services of one
undertaking from those of another.
• Many different types: word, figurative, colour, shape
• Absolute grounds for refusal
- Distinctiveness
• Relative grounds for refusal
- When peaceful co-existence of marks is impossible
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Routes for trademark registration

• National
• International
• EU
- European Union Trade Mark
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Scope of trademark protection

• Exclusive right, but
- principle of speciality
- principle of territoriality
• Potentially perpetual (renewal every ten years)
• Risk of loss of protection if:
- not used after five years
- found to be invalid
• Allowed uses
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Industrial Designs

Industrial
Design
)
DESIGNS
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What is a design?

• A design is the outward appearance of the whole or parts of a product resulting from its
features.
• A product is any industrial or handicraft item.
• Requirements for protection
- Novelty
- Individual character
• Some exclusions
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Registered and unregistered design rights

• National
• International
• EU
- registered Community design
- unregistered Community design
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Scope of design protection

• Exclusive right
• Principle of territoriality
• Duration
- registered design rights: maximum 25 years
- unregistered design rights: 3 years
• Allowed uses
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Geographical Indications

Shedvi Brod
from Sweden
@ Sam.and
BROD
Wine
from Napa Valley
USA
khorasan Saffron
from Iran
Prosciutto Di Parma
From Italy
French Champagne
& Cognac from
France
VARJEELIN
KKELING
TEA
Mexican Tequila
from
Mexico
Dugjuliu
Darjeeling Tea
from India
Protected Geographical Indications
SunLand
Saffron & Herbs
GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS
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What are geographical indications?

• Geographical indications identify a good as originating in the
territory of a country or a region or locality in that territory, where a
given quality, reputation or other characteristic of the good is
essentially attributable to its geographical origin.
• Protection under EU legislation
Protected geographical
indication (PGI)
Protected designation of
origin (PDO)
DE
OF
PROTECTEL
* *
CATION
. PROT
ORIGIN
*
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Difference between PGIs and PDOs

Stricter conditions apply to PDOs:
- Link between place name and product is essentially or
exclusively due to the particular geographical environment.
- All stages from production, processing and preparation are
located in the defined geographical area.
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