A Brief History of Tourism in Europe: From Ancient Times to the Grand Tour

Early Tourism (B.C and A.C)

Tourism : is derived from the Hebrew word «torah» which means studying, learning, searching.

Early tourism has two forms: Travel for business Travel for Religion

The early Phoenicians toured the Mediterranean as traders

BRITAIN Phoenician Trade and Colonies ATLANTIC OCEAN EUROPE BLACK SEA SPAIN CORSICA ASIA MINOR LYDIA ·Sardis SICILY GREECE PHOENICIA CYPRUS CRETE MEDITERRANEAN SEA E EGYPT PALESTINE ISRAEL Jerusalgig JRher JUGAR Phoenician Colonies about 700 sc 250 500 Miles 100 Miles Phoenician Trade Routes about 700 mc 250 500 Kilometers 100 Kipeneters

Both the Greeks and the Romans were well-known traders. Since their empires increased, travel became necessary.

Business Travel

-ITALY SARDINIA STR OF GIBRALTAR Palestine About 800 B.C. PHOENIC Sidon Tyre w AFRICA

Religious Travel

Travel for religious reason took the form of pilgrimages to places of worship Travel for religion People coming from Canterbury

Pilgrimages were made to: > fulfill a vow > in case of illness or of great danger > as penance for sins.

At the beginning of 1388, English pilgrims were required to obtain and carry permits, the forerunner of the modern passport.

Tourism in the Medieval Period

During the medieval period, travel declined. In fact, Travel became synonym of burdensome, dangerous and demanding during this time. No one during this time travelled for pleasure. Crusaders and pilgrims were the only ones who traveled.

Tourism During the Renaissance and Elizabethan Eras

In this period (16th century) in Britain, few renowned universities developed, so traveling for education was important!

Under Elizabeth I, young men seeking positions in court were encouraged to travel to the Continent to widen their education. This practice was gradually adopted by others in the lower social scale. Very soon, the education of a gentleman should have been completed by a "Grand Tour" of the cultural centers of the Continent which lasted up to three years.

Grand Tour

Typical Grand Tourist and Map of Grand Tour OCCIDENTALIS ROMANI IMPERII TABULA GEOGRAPHICA. DRIEASSICA OCEANUS et DITERRANEUM - VosTe 0 B N SItaly. AND THE Grand Tour Pleasure-seeking young men travelled through France and Italy. By the end of the 18th century, the practice was institutionalized for the upper class of society. JEREMY BLACK «chaperone»= cicerone Pool009 1

As young men, they sought intellectual improvement in the Continent but ... they found also a remedy for their eventual illnesses in "spas" or medicinal baths. The term "spa" comes from the word "espa" meaning fountain Travelers immersed themselves in healing waters. Soon, entertainment was added, and dozens of watering places became resort hotels.

Tourism during the Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution brought a lot of changes and the tourism developed. It brought: > technological changes > essential social changes (more production, more money) The increase in productivity, regular employment, and growing urbanization gave more people the motivation and opportunity to go on holiday .

Tourism in the 19th Century

Romanticism and Technological Developments

Romanticism!

Two technological developments in the early part of the 19th century had a great effect on the growth of tourism: Introduction of the railway Development of steam power The railways created more business by providing reliable and cheap transportation By increasing the competition among private companies which invested in hotels, resorts and entertainment facilities.

Thomas Cook and Travel Agencies

Tourism in the 19th Century Who is this gentleman OF Thomas Cook Thomas Cook Thomas CockTravel guide AIR TOURS ABROAD 1950 F COOK'S WORLD TRAVEL SERVICE Tourism in the 19th Century Fleet of 97 airplanes First travel agency = 1865 (Fleet Street, London) Thegut Thomas Cook FL Thomas Cook Chain of travel agencies around the world

Tourism in the 20th Century

Early 20th Century Expansion and World War I Impact

At the beginning of the 20th century, pleasure travel continued to expand, encouraged by the increasing wealth, curiosity and outgoing attitudes of people World war I brought many changes which influenced the volume of tourism. For example the railways as a means of travel declined with the introduction of the motor car. Motorized public road transport and improved road conditions.

World War II and Aviation Progress

Tourism in the 20th Century World War II also led to the increased interest in travel. The war mixed soldiers not only among countries and continents, generating new friendships and an interest in different cultures. Another outcome of the war was the progress in aircraft technology (aviation). Air travel = more comfortable, safer, faster and cheaper repect to other forms of transport. 1958 = introduction of the Boeing 707 >the age of air travel for the masses arrived and the sea travel declined little bit. AIR RESCUE SERVICE ARS DET !! 348302 42-1001 42.23 42c135

Post-War Recovery and Leisure Travel

Tourism in the 20th Century The post-war economic recovery provided an economic increase and leisure was converted into recreation and travel.

Legal information Due to labor negotiations and social legislation, the length of official and paid holidays increased. Governments created more vacation and introduced the familiar long "weekends" throughout the year.

Tourism in our Century

Types of Tourism

Tourism in our Century TYPES OF TOURISM CTOTA

1. Honeypot tourism
2. Meetings, Incentives Conventions, Exhibitions (MICE)
3. Educational tourism
4. Medical tourism
5. Health tourism
6. Heritage tourism
7. Film-induced tourism
8. Gourmet food and shopping tourism
9. Pilgrimage tourism
10. Dark tourism
11. Sustainable tourism
12. Natural tourism (green tourism)

Remember the difference between: MASS TOURISM ALTERNATIVE TOURISM

Types of Tourists

Tourism in our Century Types of tourists · Domestic · International · Individual · Groups · Business · Incentive · Conference delegates · Events · Special interest (educational, sporting)