Introduction to Forensic Medicine & Forensic Toxicology

Introduction to Forensic Medicine and Toxicology

Introduction to Forensic Medicine & Forensic Toxicology Dr. Khalid Y. Mattarسورة البقرة كُنْتُمْ إِذْ قَتَلْتُمْ نَفْسًا فَادَّارَ أْتُمْ فِيهَا وَاللَّهُ مُخْرِجَ مَّا تَكْتُمُونَ (72) فَقُلْنَا اضْرِبُوهُ بِبَعْضِهَاءَ كَذَلِكَ يُحْيِي اللَّهُ الْمَوْتَى وَيُرِيكُمْ آيَاتِهِ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَعْقِلُونَ (73) سورة يوسف وجَاءُوا عَلَى قَمِيصِهِ بِدَمٍ كَذِبٍ ، قَالَ بَلْ سَوَّلَتْ لَكُمْ أَنفُسُكُمْ أَمْرًا - فَصَبْرٌ جَمِيلٌ - وَاللَّهُ الْمُسْتَعَانُ عَلَى مَا تَصِفُونَ (18)سورة يوسف وَاسْتَبَقَا الْبَابَ وَقَدَّتْ قمِيصَهُ مِن دُبُرٍ وَأَلْفَيَا سَيِّدَهَا لَدَى الْبَابِ؟ قَالَتْ مَا جَزَاءُ مَنْ أَرَادَ بِأهْلِكَ سُوءًا إِلَّا أن يُسْجَنَ أوْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ (25) قَالَ هِيَ رَاوَدَثنِي عَن نَفْسِيٌ وَشَهِدَ شَاهِدٌ مِّنْ أَهْلِهَا إِن كَانَ قمِيصُهُ قَدَّ مِن قَبْلِ فَصَدَقَتْ وَهُوَ مِنَ الْكَاذِبِينَ (26) وَإِن كَانَ قمِيصُهُ قَدَّ مِن دُبُرٍ فَكَذُبَتْ وَهُوَ مِنَ الصَّادِقِينَ (27) فَلَمَّا رَأىُ قمِيصَهُ قَدَّ مِن دُبُرِ قالَ إِنَّهُ مِن كَيْدِكُنَّ إِنَّ كَيْدَكُنَّ عَظِيمٌ (28) INForensic Medicine1 in 6 women and 1 in 33 men will be sexually assaulted in their lifetime

Definition of Forensic Medicine

Definition of Forensic Medicine Forensic Medicine is a branch of Medicine that applies the principles and Knowledge of the Medical Sciences to problems in the field of law.

Types of Forensic Medicine

Types of Forensic Medicine Clinical Forensic Medicine Forensic Pathology

Clinical Forensic Medicine Aspects

Types of Forensic Medicine Clinical Forensic Medicine Mainly concern about all types of assaults occurs to a living body A. Sexual assaults B. Child Abuse C. All types of injuries D. Injuries associated with work E. Determination of age F. Malpractice

Forensic Pathology Aspects

Types of Forensic Medicine Forensic Pathology Mainly Concern about the decease, i.e .: A. Time since death, B. Cause of death , C. Mechanism and Manner of death

Time, Cause, Mechanism, and Manner of Death

Time, Cause, Mechanism, and Manner of Death

Cause of Death

Cause of Death Refers to "How Death Occur". gunshot, stab wound, drowning, poisoning

Mechanism of Death

Mechanism of Death Refers to "an abnormal physiological state that pertained at the time of death". coma, heart failure, cardiac arrest, pulmonary edema, ....

Manner of Death

Manner of Death Refers to "circumstantial event around death" Homicidal, Suicidal, Accidental or Natural) M

Types of Autopsy

Types of Autopsy: Academic Autopsy Clinical (Hospital) Autopsy Forensic Autopsy

Forensic Autopsy Details

Forensic Autopsy A. Usually carried out to help the legal authority. B. Take forensic samples for legal investigation. C. Performed on the instruction of the legal authority. D. Doesn't Need permission from the next of kin. (as in academic or clinical autopsy)

Other Sciences Related to Forensic Medicine

Other sciences related to Forensic Medicine A. Anthropology B. Entomology C. Deontology (Forensic Dentistry) D. Forensic Radiology E. Forensic Psychiatry and Forensic Psychology F. Forensic Science

Forensic Science Disciplines

Forensic Science DNA profiling Toxicology Forensic Biology and Serology Forensic Chemistry Ballistic Science Crime Scene Investigation Forensic Imaging and Computing (Facial Reconstruction)Toxicologyprefer whiskey CARDHL

Definition of Toxicology

Definition of Toxicology It is the study of poisons which concerned with physical and chemical properties of poisons, their physiological and clinical effects, and qualitative and quantitative methods for their analysis in biological and non biological materials.

Aspects of Toxicology

Aspects of Toxicology Toxicology has a number of different aspects which are obviously linked: Analytic Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology: Forensic Toxicology:

Definition of Poisons

Definition of Poisons : Poison is any chemical agents that can adversely affect the functioning of a living organism. Thus, any substance can act as a poison, either in small doses such as cyanide, ricin and botulinum, OR if given in large doses such as most therapeutic agents

Toxidromes

Toxidromes Toxidrome refers to the collection of signs and symptoms that are observed after an exposure to substance. They are typically helpful in establishing a diagnosis when the exposure is not well known . It include group of physiological findings based on abnormalities of vital signs, general appearance, skin, eyes, lungs, heart, abdomen, and neurological examination that are known for many substances.

Classification of Poisons

According to the Nature of Poisons

1) According to the nature of poisons: Solid poisons Liquid poisons Gaseous poisons

According to the Toxicity on Organs

2) According to the toxicity of poisons on organs: CNS poisons : narcotics and none-narcotics Cardiac poisons: digitalis Lung poisons: irritant gases,, chlorine Liver poisons: acetaminophen, phosphorus Kidney poisons: mercury GIT poisons: heavy metals

According to the Mode of Action

3) According to the mode of action of poisons: Local acting poisons: corrosives General acting poisons: nicotine, narcotics Double acting poisons: NSAID.

The Toxic and Fatal Dose

The Toxic and Fatal Dose It is incorrect to believe that there is a fixed dose for every drug or poison which will cause symptoms and disability and a larger one which will kill.

Factors Modifying Action of a Poison

Factors Related to the Poison

I. Factors related to the poison: 1. Does 2. Route of administration 3. State of poison 4. Drug interaction

Factors Related to the Person

II. Factors related to the person: 1. Age 2. Health 3. Tolerance 4. Hypersensitivity 5. State of the stomach 6. Genetics factors

Poisoning

Poisoning It is an event which consist of damage to the tissues due to exposure of the individual to any chemical agents.

Manner of Death from Poisoning

Manner of death from poisoning 1) Accidental: It may be medical, occupational or environmental 2) Suicidal: It is most common in advanced countries. 3) Homicidal: It is now relatively rare due to the ease of detection

Diagnosis of Poisoning

Diagnoses of poisoning 1. History 2. Physical signs ·sudden vomiting and diarrhea, ·unexplained coma, ·coma in an adult known to have a depressive illness ·rapid onset of a neurological and gastrointestinal illness in person known to be exposed to chemicals

Analysis of Body Fluids and Tissue

3. Analysis of body fluids and tissue: qualitative and quantitative estimation of the poison are the most accurate and confirmatory method Blood Urine & Faeces Vomit and gastric content Hair and nail clipping Organs and ? (only in dead bodies)

Basic Principle of Modern Toxicological Management

Basic principle of modern toxicological management A basic principle of management, for the vast majority of poisoned or overdosed patients, is that the clinical condition of the patient, rather than the specific components of the ingestion. In other words, Treat the Patient, Not the Poison.Thank You,,,