Public Health Policy Presentation

Learning Objectives for Public Health Policy

• Understand what public health and public health policy are
• Discuss examples of public health issues
• Describe the 3 domains of public health
• Describe the organisations involved with public health, including their roles and responsibilities.
• Understand the role of the new UK Health Security Agency
• Understand your role as a pharmacist within the wider public health system

Importance of Public Health for Pharmacists

• As pharmacists you will be part of a wider public health system to protect and improve people's health.
• You need to know where you fit in to this and how you can help provide joined-up care for the best possible health outcomes.
• A recent systematic review found that for every £1 spent on public health interventions, there was an average £14 of benefit to wider society.
• This includes healthcare savings, but also to wider society.

Defining Public Health

• "The science and art of promoting and protecting health and well-being, preventing ill- health and prolonging life through the organised efforts of society".
• https://youtu.be/oy1CAMObRzc

Three Domains of Public Health

Health Improvement

Inequalities Education Housing Employment Family/Community Lifestyles

Health Protection

Infectious Diseases Chemicals and Poisons Radiation Emergency Response Environmental Health Hazards Injury & Disease Prevention

Improving Health Services

Surveillance & monitoring of diseases & risk factors Clinical Effectiveness Efficiency Service Planning Audit and Evaluation Clinical Governance Equity

Examples of Public Health Issues

• COVID- 19
• Vaccine Hesitancy
• Loneliness
• Mental Health Issues
• Housing
• Air Pollution
• Sanitation
• Antimicrobial Resistance
• STIS
• Ageing Population
• Dementia
• Diet
• Physical Activity
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Alcohol
• Drug Misuse
• Smoking
• Cancer
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Health Inequalities and Poverty

Background Influences on Health Policy

• COVID-19
• Greater focus on prevention, Government's "Prevention is Better than Cure"
• Funding Pressures
• Understaffing in the NHS: This challenge is exacerbated by the effects of the EU Exit on the international workers
• Brexit: Shortages
• Increase costs of medicines

Health and Care Bill

O Further changes are planned to the structure of the NHS O Government published a new bill to deliver health reforms to NHS in England O Deliver many proposals called for in NHS England's Long Term Plan O Improve integration and collaboration Propose: O More powers to the Health Secretary O ICB as statutory bodies O Transfer duties from Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs)to ICS. O Require all bodies to collaborate and aim for a) Better patient care b) Better health and wellbeing for everyone c) Sustain NHS resources

Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC)

Executive agency . Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency O Support ministers in leading the nation's health and social care. O DHSC is a ministerial department supported by 23 agencies and public bodies. O DHSC to lead national efforts aimed at levelling up the public's health O Health will no longer only be the business of the DHSC, but a core priority for the whole government. . UK Health Security Agency Executive non-departmental public body . Care Quality Commission . Health Education England . Health Research Authority . Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority . Human Tissue Authority . NHS Digital · NHS England . National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Advisory non-departmental public body . Advisory Committee on Clinical Impact Awards . British Pharmacopoeia Commission . Commission on Human Medicines . Committee on Mutagenicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment · Independent Reconfiguration Panel . NHS Pay Review Body . Review Body on Doctors' and Dentists' Remuneration Special health authority . NHS Blood and Transplant . NHS Counter Fraud Authority · NHS Resolution Other . Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee · National Data Guardian . Porton Biopharma Limited

NHS Structure in England

National Bodies

Care Quality Commission (including Health Watch England) Department of Health & Social Care (including Office for Health Improvement and Disparities) NHS England (including Health Education England, NHS Digital)

ICS/Regional Level

NHS England regional teams 42 Integrated Care Systems Statutory Integrated Care System Bodies Provider collaboratives Integrated Care Boards Integrated Care Partnerships

Local/Place Level

Place based partnerships Primary Care Networks Local Authorities (including Health and Wellbeing Boards) Primary Care (GPS. Dentists. Pharmacies, Eye care) NHS Trusts and Foundation Trusts Non NHS providers (private and voluntary) Local Public Health services Social care providers Service providers

Chief Medical Officer Role

• The chief medical officer (CMO) is qualified doctor and the most senior government adviser on health matters.
• There are separate CMOs for Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland.
• Strengthen the role of the CMO as the lead independent public health advisor, providing professional leadership to new public health functions of the DHSC.
• Current CMO is Chris Whitty

Office for Health Improvement and Disparities

• Part of the DHSC
• Focus on improving the nation's health so that everyone can expect to live more of life in good health
• Levelling up health disparities.
• Aim to work across the DHSC, the rest of the government, the healthcare system, local government and industry to help shift focus towards preventing ill health.
• Particularly in communities where there are more significant disparities.
• Bring together expert advice, analysis and evidence with policy development.

UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA)

UK Health Security Agency New organisation whose role is to:

• Prevent: infectious diseases and other hazards to health
• Detect: and monitoring infectious diseases and other hazards to health
• Analyse: infectious disease and other hazards to health
• Respond: taking action to mitigate and resolve infectious diseases and hazards to health
• Lead: providing health protection system leadership, working with central government, local authorities, the NHS, academia, industry and local Directors of Public Health.

NHS England Overview

NHS England

• Arms-length body of DHSC
• Lead the NHS in England through the NHS Long Term Plan
• Oversees the high-level running of the NHS
• NHS England and NHS Improvement are merging back together
• Sets NHS strategy
• Oversees commissioning of NHS services
• Supports local ICB

Integrated Care Board (ICB)

• Partnerships of organisations.
• Join up NHS, local councils and community organisations
• ICB established across in England on 1st July 2022 replacing CCGs.
• Purpose:
• Improve outcomes in population health and healthcare
• Tackle inequalities
• Enhance productivity and value for money
• Help the NHS support broader social and economic development.

Local Authorities & Directors of Public Health

Official health department/board of health that look after a particular area Responsible for:

• Assessing local needs and commission social care and local public health services
• Local action on population health and to address the wider determinants of health and health inequalities.
• Sexual health, children's health, and drug and alcohol services
• Parks and green spaces, leisure facilities, and cycling and walking infrastructure
• Housing policy
• Economic development, education
• Vaccination programmes

- SCOTLAND NORTH EAST NORTHERN IRELAND NORTH WEST -- YORKS/ HUMBER EAST MIDLANDS WEST MIDLANDS - ANGLIĄ WALES LONDON SOUTH EAST SOUTH WEST

National Health Service (NHS)

• Hospitals are to work in even closer partnership with community health services and social care, working in an integrated way as part of a local network.
• Increased focus on prevention, including reducing inequalities.

NHS

NHS Digital Services

O Look at technology and data to improve patient services O Provide a more efficient way of working O e.g. GP Online, Book appointments, electronic prescriptions, NHS app O Also, data helps researchers O New Composite Health Index.

NHS Digital

Wider Public Health Policies

What is Health Policy?

O WHO definition: O "Health policy refers to decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific health care goals within a society".

NHS Long Term Plan

• Blue print for the future NHS
• Focussing on prevention of illness.
• Also focussing on health inequalities
• Looking to change behaviour and set health policies
• Provide better integrated care
• Health inequalities cost £4.8billion

NHS Long Term Plan

NHS Long Term Plan - Pharmacists' Role

• Pharmacist prescribers in hospitals and PCNs.
• Community pharmacy teams minor illnesses and support the public to live healthier lives.
• Pharmacy First
• Hospital pharmacists form important part of the plan

Policies for Specific Public Health Issues

Diet and the Eatwell Guide

Eatwell Guide Check Pe los packaged foods Uin thẻ Esbindi Quiời bỏ hộip you get & balance of healthier and more sustainable food. It shows how much of what you eat wirral should coewe bom bach food group. · Government is working with food and drink companies to make their products healthier. · The Soft Drinks Industry Levy (SDIL). · Introducing further restrictions on the advertising of high fat, salt and sugar foods (HFSS). · Doubling the Diabetes Prevention Programme. . Government aims to reduce the population's salt intakes to 6g per day, · Role of the pharmacist: support patients to make changes to their lifestyle

Childhood Obesity Strategy

O The Government aims to: . Reduce childhood obesity by 50% by 2030 by focussing on making the food and drink healthier including baby food. · Soft drinks levy · End the sale of energy drinks to children under the age of 16. · Introduce mandatory calorie labelling for the 'out-of-home sector' (such as restaurants, pubs and cafes); · Childhood Obesity Strategy · Change4Life

change 4 Life Eat well Move more Live longer