Holidays Grammar Focus: Understanding "I am used to (doing)" in English

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A e-CAMPUS Holidays

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Corso di Laurea: L24 Scienze e Tecniche Psicologiche Disciplina: Lingua Inglese Numero lezione: 10.11 Titolo: 01. Holidays_Grammar Focus Centro Linguistico di Ateneo

A Grammar Focus

Verbs

• Past Simple
• Past Continuous
• I used to (do)
• I am used to (doing)
• Would
• Present Participle
• Past Participle

IPUS Topic Focus

Discussing Holidays

• Types of holidays

RSITÀ Sites and resorts

• Means of transport
• Holiday equipment

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A e CAMPUS Past Simple

When we use it:

The Past Simple is the English verb tense that expresses the general concept of an action that took place in the past and no longer has any relationship with the present. The duration of the action is irrelevant. The action may have taken place in the near or distant past.

In order to put a verb in the Past Simple, three conditions must occur simultaneously:

1. The action must have taken place in the past and be finished the moment you are speaking.
2. The time in which the action took place must be expressed in the sentence or context.
3. The time expressed must be passed and finished while speaking.

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A € CAMPUS Past Simple Examples

Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. Mozart wrote more than 600 pieces of music. I didn't do anything at the weekend.

UNIVERSITÀ

We went to the cinema yesterday. This morning I had pancakes for breakfast. John called me a few minutes ago. I work in an office, now. Before that, I worked in a travel agency. We went to the cinema, last night, but we didn't enjoy the film much.

As you can see, all these examples satisfy the three conditions:

1. The action has taken place in the past and is finished the moment you are speaking.
2. The time in which the action took place is expressed in the sentence or context.
3. The time expressed is passed and finished while speaking.

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A Past Simple

The Past Simple is always used to indicate when an event occurred; therefore, this tense is always associated with a certain type of temporal expressions.

Adverbs of frequency: often, sometimes, always

Last year I sometimes played golf in the afternoons. I often went to the mountains to ski.

VERSITÀ

: Expressions that indicate a precise moment in the past: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago, this morning We saw a good film last week. She finished her work at seven o'clock

Expressions that indicate an unspecified moment in the past: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago People lived in caves a long time ago. She played the piano when she was a child.

di Ateneo Note: Excellence in Linguistic The word ago is a useful term for expressing distance in the past. It is put after the time period: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago, many centuries ago.

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Past Simple

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The Past Simple is very easy to form.

: In regular verbs, simply add -ED at the end of the bare infinitive of the verb we need for all the persons to form the affirmative.

ERSITA

: In irregular verbs, take the 2nd column of the Irregular Verb List for all persons.

Since the Past Simple is a SIMPLE tense, we need an auxiliary verb, or "helping" verb, to form the question and negative forms of every verb *. This auxiliary verb is DO in the PAST, so DID. Questions are formed by DID + bare infinitive of the verb. Negatives are formed by DID + NOT = DIDN'T (contracted form) + bare infinitive of the verb.

Centro Linguistico Ater *This is true for all verbs with the exception of the verb BE, which being an auxiliary verb itself, is formed in a different way. Training

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Past Simple

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Let's take, for example, the verb EAT.

The affirmative is I ATE The question form is DID you EAT? The negative form is We DIDN'T EAT

UN

V ERSITÀ

AFFIRMATIVE	INTERROGATIVE	NEGATIVE	CONTRACTED FORM
I ate	Did I eat?	I did not eat	I didn't eat
You ate	Did you eat?	You did not eat	You didn't eat
He, she it, ate	Did he, she, it eat?	He, she, it did not eat	He, she, it didn't eat
We ate	Did we eat?	We did not eat	We didn't eat
You ate	Did you eat?	You did not eat	You didn't eat
They ate	Did they eat?	They did not eat	They didn't eat

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Past Simple of BE

ust conjugate the second We said earlier that BE is an exception, as it is an auxiliary verb itself. We must conjugate the second column of the paradigm (Past Simple) to form the affirmative of the verb. The question form inverts the subject and the verb. The negative form adds NOT to the verb in the affirmative form.

ERSI

AFFIRMATIVE	INTERROGATIVE	NEGATIVE	CONTRACTED FORM
I was	Was I?	I was not	I wasn't
You were	Were you?	You were not	You weren't
He, she it, was	Was he, she, it?	He, she, it was not	He, she, it wasn't
We were	Were we?	We were not	We weren't
You were	Were you?	You were not	You weren't
They were	Were they?	They were not	They weren't

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A Compare the Present Perfect Simple and the Past Simple

Present Perfect Simple (I have done)

I've done a lot of work today We use the Present Perfect Simple for a period of time that continues UNTIL NOW. For example: today/this week/this year.

unfinished today past now

It hasn't snowed today. Have you seen Laura this morning? (it is still morning) We haven't played tennis this week. I have never been to Russia (in my life)

Past Simple (I did)

I did a lot of work yesterday We use the Past Simple for a FINISHED TIME IN THE PAST. For example: yesterday/last week/last year.

finished yesterday past juistico now

It didn't snow yesterday. Did you see Laura this morning? (it is now afternoon) We didnt' play tennis last week. I didn't go to Russia last year.

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Past Continuous (or Progressive)

The Past Continuous is used to describe actions or events that started in the past but continue and have consequences in the present. In other words, it expresses an action that is perceived (PERCEPITO) as incomplete or still ongoing in the past. I was doing something means that I was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action or situation had already started before this time, but had not finished. At this time last year I was living in England. What were you doing yesterday evening? I waved to George, but he wasn't looking.

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Past Continuous (or Progressive)

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When it is used:

The Past Continuous is often used to describe the context of a story written in the Past Simple. 'The rain was falling heavily, as the deer (CERVO) came out of the forest. The other animals were hiding in their dens (TANE), to protect themselves from the rain, but the deer moved very slowly. She was looking for her fawn (CERBIATTO), and she didn't notice the hunter who was watching her through his binoculars. She was running to protect her fawn when the shot rang out ... '

The Past Continuous is also used to describe an unfinished action that was interrupted by another event or action, expressed in the Past Simple, and usually introduced by when. I was taking a shower when the doorbell rang.

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Past Continuous (or Progressive)

A PUS

When it is used:

€ We often use the Past Continuous and the Past Simple together to say that something happened in the middle of something else: 'I saw you in the park, yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book.' Here, we do not say 'You were sitting ... and you were reading', but just reading, because it is clear to whom we are referring to: to you. We sometimes use the word while in sentences like these, which means at the same time Mark phoned while we were having dinner.

Centro Linguistico But use the Past Simple to say that one thing happened after another: l'Ateneo I was walking along the river when I saw John. So I stopped and we had a chat. He told me about his new job and he asked me how you were. Training