US History Regents Study Guide by Mr. Conroy

Contents

1. Overview by Unit
2. Key Dates
3. Constitution & Amendments
4. Key Cases

Overview by Unit

Unit 1: Colonial America (1619-1754)

Review Video for Colonial America

1. Mercantilism - Policy where colonies supply raw materials to the mother country.
2. Salutary Neglect - British policy of lax enforcement of colonial laws.
3. Mayflower Compact 1620 - Early form of self-government signed by Pilgrims.
4. House of Burgesses 1619 - First elected legislative assembly in colonial Virginia.
5. Triangular Trade - Trade route among Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
6. Middle Passage - Horrific transatlantic journey enslaved Africans endured.
7. Indentured Servitude - System of labor based on 5-7 year contracts.
8. Navigation Acts - British laws controlling colonial trade.

Unit 2: American Revolution (1754-1800)

Review Video for American Revolution and Constitution

1. Stamp Act 1764 - Tax on printed materials in the colonies.
2. Boston Massacre 1770 - Event when British soldiers opened fire on American colonists.
3. Boston Tea Party 1773 - Colonial protest against British tea tax.
4. Intolerable Acts 1774 - Punitive laws passed after Boston Tea Party.
5. Declaration of Independence 1776 - Document declaring U.S. independence.
6. Thomas Paine's Common Sense 1776 - Pamphlet urging independence.
7. Lexington and Concord 1775 - First battles of the Revolution.
8. Battle of Saratoga 1777 - Turning point; led to French alliance.
9. Treaty of Paris (1783) - Ended the Revolutionary War.
10. Natural Rights - Life, liberty, property; inspired by Locke.
11. Continental Congress - Colonial delegates who coordinated resistance.
12. Articles of Confederation - First weak U.S. constitution.
13. Shays' Rebellion - Uprising showing need for stronger gov't.
14. U.S. Constitution - Supreme law establishing federal structure.
15. Federalism - Division of power between state and national governments.
16. Great Compromise - Bicameral Congress (House and Senate).
17. 3/5 Compromise - Counted slaves partially for representation.
18. Bill of Rights - First ten amendments protecting liberties.
19. Hamilton's Financial Plan - Proposed national bank, federal assumption of state debt.
20. Marbury v. Madison 1803 - Established judicial review.
21. Washington's Farewell Address - Warned against alliances and parties.

Unit 3: Early Republic (1800-1850)

Review Video for Early Republic

1. Louisiana Purchase - 1803 land deal doubling U.S. territory.
2. Lewis and Clark Expedition - Exploration of Louisiana Territory.
3. War of 1812 - Conflict with Britain over maritime rights.
4. Era of Good Feelings - Period of political unity post-1812.
5. Monroe Doctrine 1823 - Warned Europe not to colonize in Americas.
6. American System - Henry Clay's plan for internal improvements and tariffs.
7. Erie Canal - Major canal linking Great Lakes to Atlantic.
8. Missouri Compromise 1820 - Maintained balance between free/slave states.
9. Second Great Awakening - Religious revival inspiring reform.
10. Abolitionism - Movement to end slavery.
11. Temperance Movement - Effort to limit alcohol consumption.
12. Women's Rights Movement - Began with Seneca Falls Convention (1848).
13. Jacksonian Democracy - Expansion of suffrage to all white men.
14. Nullification Crisis 1830s - Conflict over states' rights and tariffs.
15. Indian Removal Act 1830 (Trail of Tears) - Law forcing Native Americans westward.
16. Bank War - Jackson's attack on the national bank.
17. Manifest Destiny - Belief that the U.S. was destined to expand westward.

Unit 4: Sectionalism & Civil War (1850-1865)

Review Video for Compromise of 1850 Review Video for Lead Up to Civil War Review Video for Start of Civil War Review Video for Civil War

1. Fugitive Slave Act (1850) - Required return of escaped slaves to owners.
2. Compromise of 1850 - Admitted California as free, strengthened Fugitive Slave Law.
3. Uncle Tom's Cabin - Anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe.
4. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) - Allowed popular sovereignty in western territories.
5. Bleeding Kansas - Violent conflict over slavery in Kansas Territory.
6. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) - Supreme Court ruling that slaves were property.
7. John Brown's Raid (1859) - Attempt to start slave rebellion at Harpers Ferry.
8. Election of 1860 - Lincoln's win led to Southern secession.
9. Secession - Southern states breaking away from the Union.
10. Confederate States of America - Government formed by seceded Southern states.
11. Fort Sumter (1861) - First battle of the Civil War.
12. Emancipation Proclamation (1863) - Freed slaves in Confederate states.
13. Gettysburg Address (1863) - Lincoln's speech emphasizing unity and equality.
14. Battle of Gettysburg & Battle of Vicksburg (1863) - Turning point of war.
15. Appomattox Court House (1865) - Site of Confederate surrender to end the Civil War.

Unit 5: Reconstruction (1865-1877)

Review Video for Reconstruction

1. 13th Amendment - Abolished slavery.
2. 14th Amendment - Citizenship and equal protection.
3. 15th Amendment - Voting rights for Black men.
4. Freedmen's Bureau - Helped former slaves adjust to freedom.
5. Black Codes - Laws limiting Black rights in South.
6. Sharecropping - System keeping freedmen economically dependent.
7. Ku Klux Klan - White supremacist group.
8. Radical Republicans - Wanted strict Reconstruction policies.
9. Impeachment of Johnson - Conflict over Reconstruction powers.
10. Compromise of 1877 - Ended Reconstruction.
11. Military Reconstruction Act - Divided South into military districts.
12. Civil Rights Act of 1866 - Granted citizenship to former slaves.

Unit 6: Gilded Age & Progressive Era

Review Video for Industrialization Review Video for Technological Innovation Review Video for Labor Movement Review Video for Progressive Era Reform movements Review Video for Immigration in Gilded Age

1. Monopoly - Complete control of an industry by one company.
2. Robber Barons - Wealthy industrialists viewed as exploiting workers: Andrew Carnegie (Steel), John Rockefeller (Oil), and JP Morgan (banking).
3. Laissez-faire - Minimal government interference in the economy.
4. Labor Unions - Organizations fighting for workers' rights.
5. Knights of Labor - Early union open to all workers.
6. Haymarket Riot 1886 - Labor protest in Chicago that turned violent.
7. Social Darwinism - Belief in "survival of the fittest" in business.
8. Tenements - Overcrowded urban apartment buildings for the poor.
9. Political Machines - Corrupt urban political organizations (e.g., Tammany Hall).
10. Sherman Antitrust Act - First federal law against monopolies.
11. Muckrakers - Journalists who exposed social and political issues.
12. Upton Sinclair - Muckraker who exposed meat packing conditions in The Jungle.
13. Ida Tarbell - Exposed corruption in Standard Oil Company.
14. Theodore Roosevelt - Progressive president and trust-buster.
15. Woodrow Wilson - Progressive president who implemented many reforms.
16. Pure Food and Drug Act - Law to ensure food and medicine safety.
17. 16th Amendment - Income Tax.
18. 17th Amendment - Direct election of U.S. senators.
19. 18th Amendment - Prohibition (Repealed by 21st Amendment).
20. 19th Amendment - Granted women the right to vote.

Unit 7: American Imperialism & WWI

Review Video for American Imperialism Review Video for Spanish-American War Review Video for World War I Review Video for Homefront during World War I

1. Imperialism - Policy of extending a nation's power by acquiring territories.
2. Spanish-American War (1898) - Conflict resulting in U.S. gaining Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
3. Yellow Journalism - Sensationalist media that stirred public support for war.
4. U.S.S. Maine - Ship that exploded in Havana Harbor, prompting U.S. to declare war.
5. Annexation of Hawaii - U.S. acquisition of Hawaiian Islands in 1898.
6. Open Door Policy - U.S. proposal for equal trade access in China.
7. Roosevelt Corollary - U.S. claimed right to intervene in Latin America.
8. Panama Canal - Canal built to connect Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
9. Zimmermann Telegram - German proposal for alliance with Mexico; pushed U.S. toward WWI.
10. Unrestricted Submarine Warfare - German U-boat attacks on ships, led to U.S. entering WWI.
11. Treaty of Versailles 1918 - Ended WWI, established the League of Nations and punished Germany.
12. League of Nations - International organization to prevent future world wars.
13. Henry Cabot Lodge - Led successful opposition to Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations in the US.
14. Espionage Act (1917) - Limited free speech during wartime.
15. Schenck v. United States - Supreme Court upheld limits on free speech during wartime.

Unit 8: Roaring 20s, Great Depression & New Deal

Review Video for Roaring 20s Review Video for Great Depression & New Deal

1. Roaring 20s - Decade of immense economic and social change.
2. Harlem Renaissance - Period of immense black cultural contributions.
3. Great Migration - Period of migration of African American moving from the South to the North to flee Jim Crow laws and seek employment.
4. Langston Hughes - Leading figure of the Harlem Renaissance.
5. Prohibition - National ban on alcohol.
6. Women's Suffrage - Protection of the right of women to vote.
7. Stock Market Crash (1929) - Major financial collapse that led to the Great Depression.
8. Great Depression - Severe economic downturn of the 1930s.
9. Hoovervilles - Shantytowns named after President Hoover.
10. Breadlines - Lines for poor people to obtain food during Great Depression.
11. Dust Bowl - Environmental disaster in the Great Plains.
12. Bonus Army - WWI veterans demanding early payment of bonuses.
13. New Deal - FDR's programs to combat the Great Depression.
14. Fireside Chats - FDR's radio addresses to reassure the public.
15. Social Security Act (1935) - Provided pensions and unemployment insurance.
16. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) - Gave jobs to young men.
17. Works Progress Administration (WPA) - Created jobs through public works.
18. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) - Insured bank deposits.
19. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) - Regulated the stock market.
20. Bank Holiday - Temporary closure of banks to restore trust.

Unit 9: World War II

Review Video for US Involvement Pre-WWII Review Video for US Involvement during WWII

1. Neutrality Acts - Laws aiming to keep the U.S. out of European conflicts.
2. Appeasement - European powers satisfying Hitler by ceding power over time.
3. Cash and Carry - U.S. sold aid to Allies before entering WWII.
4. Lend-Lease Act - U.S. lent aid to Allies before entering WWII.
5. Pearl Harbor - Japanese attack that led the U.S. to enter WWII.
6. Rosie the Riveter - Symbol of women working in wartime industry.
7. Internment Camps - Detention of Japanese Americans during WWII.
8. Korematsu v. US - Case that upheld the constitutionality of Japanese internment camps.
9. D-Day - Allied invasion of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944.
10. Island Hopping - U.S. military strategy in the Pacific.
11. Manhattan Project - Secret program to develop the atomic bomb.
12. Hiroshima and Nagasaki - Cities where atomic bombs were dropped.
13. Holocaust - Genocide of six million Jews by the Nazis.
14. Nuremberg Trials - Prosecution of Nazi leaders after WWII.
15. United Nations - International peacekeeping organization formed after the war.

Unit 10: Cold War

Review Video for Cold War Part 1 Review Video for Cold War Part 2

1. Cold War - Period of political and military tension between the U.S. and USSR.
2. Iron Curtain - Imaginary line dividing Western Europe from Soviet-controlled Eastern Europe.
3. Containment - U.S. policy to prevent the spread of communism.
4. Truman Doctrine - U.S. aid to countries resisting communism (e.g., Greece, Turkey).
5. Marshall Plan - U.S. program to rebuild Western Europe.
6. Berlin Airlift - U.S. response to Soviet blockade of West Berlin.
7. NATO - Military alliance among Western nations.
8. Warsaw Pact - Soviet response to NATO; alliance of Eastern Bloc nations.