Constitution and Citizenship: A Question of National Identity

Constitution and Citizenship: A Question of National Identity

SAL QUERYS Stargargul
FODAOOR

Constitution and Citizenship:
a Question of National Identity

O Every person living in a specific country has certain
rights and duties that a responsible citizen is
expected to know and follow.
The Constitution is the code that guarantees and
protects the fundamental human rights and defines
the duties of every citizen or person living in that
state.
O It also establishes the powers and regulates the
relationship between the various institutions of a
state and between the state and its citizens.
S
by Sabrina Ortis 1 March 2025

Rights and Duties of Citizens

Main Rights of a Citizen

• The main rights of a citizen are:
• right to equality
• freedom of ideas and religion
• cultural and educational rights
• right to vote
• right to protection against arbitrary arrest
  and detention.

Main Duties of Citizens

• The main duties are:
• follow the rules
• obey the law
• respect the Constitution of the country
• pay taxes
• help the community.

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The Italian Constitution

The Constitution of the Italian Republic is divided into:
Preface: The Fundamental Principles
Part I: Rights and Duties of Citizens
Part II: Organisation of the Republic
Part II establishing the powers and regulating
the relationships of institutions of the Republic

Meaning of 'Citizenship'

Citizenship is the relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual
owes loyalty and obedience and, in return, is entitled to its protection
Citizenship is the most privileged form of nationality

1. Protection
   Entitlement to state protection
2. Rights
   Access to citizen rights

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1. Duties
   Loyalty and obedience

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Citizens and Non-citizens

Differences Between Citizens and Non-citizens

Is every person living in a country
considered as a 'Citizen'?

Differences between
citizens and non-citizens
Citizens have certain
rights and responsibilities
that are denied or only
partially extended to
foreign-born residents or
non-citizens living in a
country.

Political Rights and Citizenship

Political rights
In general, full political
rights, including the right
to vote and to hold public
office, are based on
citizenship.

Guaranteed Rights in Italy

Guaranteed rights in Italy
Most rights contained in the Constitution are guaranteed to
both citizens and non-citizens in Italy, but not all of them. The
right to vote, for example, is only guaranteed to Italian citizens.

Acquiring Citizenship for Foreign-born Residents

Multiple Pathways to Citizenship

1. Multiple Pathways
   There are many ways to become a 'national' through acquisition of citizenship: by birth or at any time
   after birth by declaration, choice, marriage or other means according to national legislation.

Country-specific Citizenship Rules

1. Country-specific Rules
   Each nation determines its own citizenship laws and requirements.

Common Methods of Citizenship Acquisition

1. Common Methods
   Let's analyse the most common forms of possession, acquisition or loss of citizenship.

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Jus Sanguinis - Right of Blood

Principle Definition of Jus Sanguinis

Jus Sanguinis - Right of Blood
Principle Definition
'JUS SANGUINIS', or
the right of blood, is
a principle by which
citizenship is
determined or
acquired by the
nationality or
ethnicity of one or
both parents, usually
the father.

Modern Application of Jus Sanguinis

Modern
Application
Today, the vast
majority of
countries extend
this right on an
equal basis to the
mother, especially if
the father is
unknown or
stateless.

Heritage-Based Principle

Heritage-Based
This principle
focuses on the
family lineage
rather than place
of birth.

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Jus Soli - Birthright Citizenship

Citizenship by Land (Jus Soli) or Blood (Jus Sanguinis)

Jus Soli - Birthright Citizenship
Citizenship by land (Jus Soli) or blood (Jus Sanguinis)
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Source: Multiple sources
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Land - Everyone that is born in this nation gets a citizenship
Blood . Getting a citizenship depends of your parents birthplace

Territory-Based Application of Jus Soli

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Application
Many countries in the Americas
use this principle, while it's less
common in Europe and Asia.

Definition of Jus Soli

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Definition
'JUS SOLI', commonly referred to
as birthright citizenship or right of
the soil, is the principle that the
nationality of a person is
determined on the basis of their
country of birth, even if the child's
parents are citizens of another
state.
This principle focuses on
where a person is born rather
than their parentage.

Citizenship: Key Words

Naturalization Process

1. Naturalization
   The legal process by which a non-citizen of a country may
   acquire citizenship or nationality of that country. It may
   be done automatically, or it may require an application.

Requirements for Naturalization

1. Requirements
   It typically requires the applicant to reside in the country
   for a specified period and meet other conditions such as
   language proficiency and good character.

Dual Citizenship

1. Dual Citizenship
   The simultaneous possession of two or more
   citizenship by the same person

NITURIZATATION

Citizenship: Key Words (Continued)

Loss of Citizenship

1. Loss of Citizenship
   Refers to any mode of loss of the status as citizen of a
   country, voluntarily or involuntarily, automatically or
   through an act by the public authorities

Minority in Society

1. Minority
   In society "minority" is any small, non-dominant group
   which is usually numerically less than the main population
   of a state because of their ethnic, religious or linguistic
   characteristics.

Statelessness Definition

1. Statelessness
   'The international definition of a stateless person is 'a
   person who is not considered as a national or citizen
   by any state under the operation of its law.'

NATIONALITY
UNKNOWNACTIVITIES
Oral/Written Comprehension (Worksheet 1)
What is a Constitution?
Listen & fill in the gaps (Worksheet 2)