Exploring Volcanoes: Types, Eruptions, and Materials Released

CLIL SCIENCE

Exploring Volcanoes

Volcanoes are majestic natural wonders that captivate our imagination and shape the landscapes around us. In this presentation, we will learn about:

• what volcanoes are
• the different types of volcanoes
• the different types of eruptions they can have
• materials released during volcanic eruptions

Volcanoes are openings in the Earth's crust through which rocks, gases. and other materials are released.

falling ash gas and ash cloud

Inside View of an Erupting Volcano

crater side vent main vent lava flow layers of ash and lava A underground magma @ 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Lithosphere and Tectonic Plates

Lithosphere is broken up into TECTONIC PLATES and they fit together like a puzzle piece

CRUST H UPPER MANTLE LOWER MANTLE UPPER MANTLE LOWER MANTLE OUTER CORE OUTER CORE INNER CORE ClickView INNER CORE

MOST VULCANCES CAN BE FOUND ALONG THE TECTONIC PLATES LITHOSPHERE

Plate Margins

DESTRUCTIVE PLATE MARGIN

PLATES CAN BE CONSTRUCTIVE PLATE MARGIN >Cie View > Click-View CALLED CONVERGENT CALLED DIVERGENT

DESTRUCTIVE PLATE

OCEANIC PLATE CONTINENTAL PLATE ClickView OCEAN PLATE MAILY COVERED BY THE SEA AND THE CONTINENTAL PLATE MAINLY COVERED BY LAND MOVE TOWARDS EACH OTHER THEY MEET INTO THE EARTH RELEASING GAS AND EURPTING THROUGH THE TOP

CONSTRUCTIVE PLATE

OCEANIC PLATE OCEANIC PLATE ClickView THE OCEAN AND THE CONTINENTAL PLATES MOVE APART REALLY SLOWLY (LESS THAN 5 CM PER YEAR). THEY LET THE MAGMA RISE FILLING THE GAP CREATED BY THE PLATES

Pacific Plate and Ring of Fire

PACIFIC PLATE +ClickView

RING OF FIRE

The Ring of Fire is a horseshoe-shaped belt of intense volcanic activity and frequent earthquakes that encircles the edges of the Pacific Ocean. This region is home to approximately 75% of the world's active volcanoes and is caused by the movement and collision of tectonic plates. The Ring of Fire has a significant impact on Earth's surface and the lives of people living in its vicinity.

Hotspot Volcanoes

VULCANO ISOLATO HOTSPOT VOLCANOES +ClickView

KAUAI OAHU MOLUKAI MAUI HAWAII HAWAIIAN ISLANDS DCI

THEY FORM WHEN RISING MAGMA MEET THE TECTONIC PLATE ABOVE AND BEGIN TO BUILD UP UN HOTSPOT VOLCANO (PUNTO CALDO), È UNA ZONA DELLA SUPERFICIE TERRESTRE DOVE RISALE MAGMA PROVENIENTE DAL MANTELLO. SI TRATTA DI REGIONI VULCANICHE RELATIVAMENTE STABILI CHE NON SONO COLLEGATE AL MOVIMENTO DELLE PLACCHE TETTONICHE

TYPES OF VOLCANOES

COMPOSITE VOLCANOES SHIELD DE > @lidlView TWO TYPES OF VOLCANOES Fici View

COMPOSITE CONE VOLCANO

DESCRIPTION: Tall and symmetrical volcanoes composed of layers of lava flows and volcanic ash. THEY ARE THE MAJORITY OF VOLCANOES (DESTRUCTIVE) ERUPTION STYLE: Can have both explosive eruptions and effusive eruptions. EXAMPLES: Mount Fuji in Japan, and Mount St. Helens in the United States

CRATER I SECONDARY CONE I SECONDARY VENT MAIN VENTI ClickView ClickView

BASE MAGMA CHAMBER MEETS WTH GASES AND WATER THE PRESSURE BECOMES SO HIGH THAT EVENTUALLY CAN ERUPT

ERUPTION - FROM THE CRATER

MAGMA THAT HAS REACHED THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH LAVA ClickView

VOLCANIC BOMBS ClickView

THICK ASH > ClickView

GAS ClickView

THEY ARE ALSO CALLED STRATOVOLCANOES BECAUSE STRATUS MEANS LAYERS

SHIELD VOLCANO

DESCRIPTION: Broad, gently sloping volcanoes with a shape resembling a warrior's shield. They are formed from layers of cooled lava. THEY ERUPT LESS (CONSTRUCTIVE) ERUPTION STYLE: Generally characterized by non-explosive, effusive eruptions with the outpouring of lava flows. EXAMPLES: Mauna Loa in Hawaii, Mount Etna in Italy

MATERIALS FROM VOLCANO ERUPTIONS

LAVA Molten rock that flows from a volcano during an eruption.

PYROCLASTIC MATERIAL: Fragments of lava, ash, and rock ejected into the air during explosive eruptions.

VOLCANIC ASH: Fine particles of fragmented volcanic rock that can be carried by wind over long distances.

VOLCANIC GASES: Gases, including water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and others, released during eruptions.

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