The Periodic Table: Fundamental Concepts of Chemistry for High School

PERIODIC TABLE OF ELEMENTS

Pub Chem

H Symbol 8 C Ne Mg AI SI P 5 K TI V Cr Ma Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ge 9 Y Mo Te Ru Pd Ac Cu Sb 1 Xe Cs Ba T W Re Co Ir Pt Au HO T Po At Rr Fr Ra Th Pu U Np Pu Bk CI Es Fm Md NO Lr

THE PERIODIC TABLE

CHEMISTRY

WEEK 4

H La Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Th Dy Ho Er Tm Yh MI M Cn Nh F Vc Lv TE Ih Hs Mt Ds Rn 44 4 H Te . - H Be F

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Describe the periodic table as a list of the different types of atoms.
2. To understand how to use the periodic table to;
1. Describe the position of an atom in terms of group and period.
2. Identify metals, non-metals and metalloids.
3. List the general physical properties of metals, non-metals and metalloids.
4. Categorise elements based on their physical properties.
5. Find the atomic number (Z), element symbol (X), element name and atomic mass number (A) for each type of atom.

ENGAGE

1. Mendeleev's Periodic Table
2. Types of Matter: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures ClickView The Periodic Table; https://clickv.ie/w/Bytu

EXPLORE

PRACTICALS

• LOOKING FOR SIMILARITIES
• BURNING MAGNESIUM (STILE)

EXPLAIN

• Copy down notes from this presentation into the space in your digital workbooks.

Dmitri Mendeleev's Contributions

. In the 1860's he devised a periodic table where the elements were ordered by their atomic masses . He did this by grouping elements together according to their similarities Draft of Mendeleev's Periodic Table Image taken from: http://jscms.jrn.columbia.edu/cns/2006-04-18/fido-luxuriantflowinghair/mendeleev/

Mendeleev's Published Periodic Table of Elements

Ueber die Beziehungen der Eigenschaften zu den Atomgewichten der Elemente. Von D. Men delejeff. - Ordnet man Elemente nach zunehmenden Atomgewichten in verticale Reihen so, dass die Horizontal- reihen analoge Elemente enthalten, wieder nach zunehmendem Atomge- wicht geordnet, so erhält man folgende Zusammenstellung, aus der sich einige allgemeinere Folgerungen ableiten lassen.

Ti=50 Zr 90 ? = 180 V=51 Nb = 94 Ta =182 Cr =52 Mo 96 W = 186 Mn- 55 Rh : 104,4 Pt = 197,4 Fe =56 Ru = 104,4 Ir =198 Ni = Co = 59 Pd __ 106,6 Os === 199 H=1 Cu = 63,4 Ag == 108 Hg =200 Be 9,4 Mg - 24 Zn = 65,2 Cd == 112 B= 11 Al - 27,4 ?= 68 Ur =116 Au - 197 -? C=12 Si == 28 ?= 70 Sn= = 118 N == 14 P =31 As =75 Sb 122 Bi =210? 0 =16 S=32 Se =79,4 Te =128? T=19 CI = 35,5 Br 80 J = 127 Li = 7 Na = 23 K 39 Rb - 85,4 Sr =87,6 Cs 133 TI =204 Ca 40 = 45 Ce =92 ?Er =56 La =94 ?Yt - 60 Di =95 ?In = 75,6 Th == 118? Ba == 137 Pb == 207

1. Die nach der Grüsse des Atomgewichts geordneten Elemente zeigen eine stufenweise Abänderung in den Eigenschaften. 2. Chemisch-analoge Elemente haben entweder übereinstimmende Atom- gewichte (Pt, Ir, Os), oder letztere nehmen gleichviel zu (K. Rb, Cs). 3. Das Anordnen nach den Atomgewichten entspricht der Werthigkeit der Elemente und bis zu einem gewissen Grade der Verschiedenheit im chemischen Verhalten, z. B. Li. Be. B. C. N. O. F. Why do you think there are question marks here? Image taken from: http://www.chemsoc.org/networks/learnnet/periodictable/post16/develop/mendeleev.htm

Mendeleev's Predictions

• Although Mendeleev's Periodic Table of Elements had missing elements or "gaps," he was able to predict the characteristics of these missing elements because of Periodic Law.

"Ekasilicon" Germanium Date Predicted 1871 Date Discovered 1886 Atomic Mass 72 Atomic Mass 72.6 Density 5.5 g/cm3 Density 5.47 g/cm3 Bonding Power 4 Bonding Power 4 Color Dark Gray Color Grayish White Notice how Mendeleev' s predictions (orange column) were very accurate when compared to Germanium' s actual characteristics (green column)

Henry Moseley's Work

• In 1914, his work led to a revision of the periodic table by rearranging the elements by their atomic numbers . He concluded that the number of protons in an atom is its atomic number . Sample X-ray Spectra

3 Classes of Elements

1 18 13 14 15 16 17 2 He 4,003 5 B 6 C 12.001 7 N 14.007 O 15.999 9 F 18.998 10 Ne 20,180 11 13 15 16 17 18 Na 22.990 12 Mg 24.305 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Al 26.982 14 Si 28.086 P 30.974 S 32.066 CI 35.453 Ar 39.948 4 19 K 39,098 20 Ca 40,078 21 Sc 44.95 22 Ti 47.87 23 V 24 Cr 51.996 25 Mn 54.938 26 Fe 55.845 27 Co 58.933 28 Ni 58.69 29 Cu 63,546 30 Zn 65,39 31 Ga 69.723 32 Ge 72.61 33 As 74.922 34 Se 78.96 35 Br 79.904 36 Kr 83.80 5 37 Rb 85.468 38 Sr 87.62 39 y 40 Zr 91.224 41 Nb 92.906 42 Mo 95.94 43 Tc (98 44 Ru 101,07 45 Rh 102,906 46 Pd 106,42 47 Ag 107,868 48 Cd 112,4 49 In 114,018 50 Sn 118.710 51 Sb 121,760 52 Te 127.60 53 I 126,904 Xe 131,29 6 55 Cs 132.905 56 Ba 187.827 71 Lu 174.967 72 Hf 178.49 73 Ta 180.95 74 W 183.84 75 Re 186.207 76 Os 190.23 77 Ir 192.217 78 Pt 195.078 79 Au 196.967 80 Hg 200.59 81 TI 204.388 82 Pb 207.2 83 Bi 208.980 84 Po (209) 85 At (210) 86 Rn (222) 7 87 Fr (223) 88/ Ra (226) 103 Lr (262) 104 Rf (261) 105 Db (262) 106 Sg (266) 107 Bh (264) 108 Hs (269) 109 Mt (268) 110 Ds (269) 111 Rg (272) 112 Uub (285) 113 Uut (284) 114 Uuq (289) 115 Uup (288) 116 Uuh (292) 117 Uus 118 Uuo Lanthanides 57 La 138.906 58 Ce 140,116 59 Pr 140.908 60 Nd 144.24 61 Pm (145) 62 Sm 150.36 63 Eu 151.964 64 Gd 157.25 65 Tb 158.925 66 Dy 162,50 67 Ho 164,930 68 Er 167.26 69 Tm 168.934 70 yb 173,04 102 Actinides 89 Ac (227) 90 Th 232.038 91 Pa 231.036 92 U 238.029 93 Np (237) 94 Pu (244) 95 Am (243) 96 Cm (247) 97 Bk (247) 98 Cf (251) 99 Es (252) 100 Fm (257) 101 Md (258) No (259) 2 3 Li 6,941 4 Be 9.012 Using this as a guide, colour code your periodic table in your booklet page 22 to show the three classes. Start by highlighting the "zig-zag. 1 1 H 1.008 2 8 10.811 3 54 50,942

Metals

Location of Metals

• Found on the left of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table (exception > Hydrogen)

Chemical Properties of Metals

• Have few electrons in their outer energy level, thus lose electrons easily

Physical Properties of Metals

• ductile, good conductors, malleable shiny, most are solid room temperature 79 - > Au 196.967 0483 P255 V 11 Na 22.990 Image taken from: http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodictableelements/ig/E lement-Photo-Gallery .-- 98/Sodium.htm What metal is not a solid @ room temperature?

Non-Metals

Location of Non-Metals

• Most found to the right of the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table

Chemical Properties of Non-Metals

• Most have almost full outer energy levels, thus they tend to gain electrons; some have completely full outer level

Physical Properties of Non-Metals

• not ductile or malleable, not shiny, poor conductors, most are solid, but some are gas at room temperature 17 CI 35.453 Image taken from: http://nobel.scas.bcit.ca/resource/ptable/cl.htm 16 S 32.066 Image taken from: https://www.dmr.nd.gov/ndqs/rockandmineral/sulfur.asp

Metalloids

Location of Metalloids

• Border the zigzag line/staircase on the periodic table

Chemical Properties of Metalloids

• Most atoms have } (^) complete set of electrons in outer level

Physical Properties of Metalloids

• have properties of both metals and non- metals 14 Si 28.086 Image taken from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml 5 B 1 10.811 Image taken from: http://library.thinkquest.org/C0113863/bios.shtml

Using the Periodic Table

• The boxes that make up the periodic table contain a significant amount of information. To understand this information, it is necessary to refer to the periodic table' s key(s)

8 Atomic Number (Number of protons) O Element Symbol (Written with a capital letter or a capital followed by a lower case if two letters ) Element Name Oxygen 15.999 Atomic Mass (Rounded to a whole number, equals the number of protons and neutrons) Class Color State (@ Room Temp.) Symbol Color Metal Non-Metal Which class does Oxygen fall into? Solid Liquid Metalloid Gas What is Oxygen's physical state of matter?

Stile

ELABORATE

Complete the following Stile lessons;

• Lesson I.I Elements
• Lesson 2. 1 Periodic Table

Complete the Week 5 questions in the Onenote Workbook

INTERACTIVE

Use the link on seqta to complete the interactive on the Periodic Table of Elements. elements.wlonk.com Home/Printables Interactive Uses Links Buy Donate Printing Tips Terms of Use Contact Key Info The Periodic Table of the Elements, in Pictures and Words Click it! H He 2 Hydrogen Helium Solid The color of the symbol is he color of the element in its most common pure form Examples [2 metallic solid red liquid colorless gas I Symbols at room Temperature Balloons 5 C 6 N 70 9 Ne 10 Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Earth's Crust top eight elements by weight n ferromagnetic at room temperature Noble Metals Superheavy Elements Sports Equipment Basis of Life's Molecules Protein Air Toothpaste Advertising Signs 13 SI 14 15 5 16 Cl 17 Ar Aluminum Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon 19 Ca 20 Sc 21 T 22 V 23 Cr 24 Mr 25 Fe 26 Co 27 N 28 Cu 29 Zn 30 Ga 31 G 33 Se 34 Br 35 Kr 36 Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Gallium Germanium Arsenic Bromine Krypton Fruits and Vegetables Shells and Bones Bicycles Aerospace Springs Earthmovers Magnets Coins Electric Wires Brass Instruments Light-Emitting Semiconductor Diodes (LEDs) Electronics Poison Copiers Flashlights Rubidium Strontium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Global Navigation Losers Chemical Pipelines Mag Lev Trains Cutting Tools Radioactive Diagnosis Electric Switches Searchlight Reflectors Pollution Control Jewelry Paint Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) Plated Food Cans Ca Batteries Thermoelectric Coolers Disinfectant High-Intensity Lomps Cesium Barium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Redan 1:5959.99 .. Atomic Clocks X-Ray Diagnosis Nuclear Submarines Lamp Filaments Rocket Engines Pen Points Lobware Jewelry Weights Fire Sprinklers Anti-Static Brushes Radioactive Medicine Surgical Implants Francium Radium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine 117 Og 118 87 Ra 88 89 - 103 104 Db 5 S 106 Bh 107 Hs 108 Mt 109 Ds 110 Rg 111 Cn 112 Nh 113 Fl 114 Mc 115 Lv 116 Ts Oganesson Leser Luminous Watches Atom Trops elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Salt Chlorophyll Airplanes Stone, Sand, and Soil Bones Eggs Swimming Pools Light Bulbs 12:30 37 Sr 38 39 Zr 40 Nb 41 Mo 42 Tc 43 Ru 44 Rh 45 Pd 46 Ag 47 Cd 48 In 49 Sm 50 Sb 52 I 53 Xe 54 Cs 57 - 71 HF 72 Ta 73 W 74 Re 75 Os 76 Ir 77 P+ 78 Au 80 TI 81 Pb 82 B 83 Po 84 A 85 Rn 55 Ra 56 79 Hg Mercury 51 Te Photography Film Rb yttrium Technetium 9 Silver A 18 Sodium Magnesium + less then a millionth percent of earth's crust How it is (or was) used or where it occurs in nature X Never Found in Nature only made by people elements.wlonk.com Noble Gases Lithium Beryllium A 10 z * Human Body top ten elements by weight Transition Metals Poor Metals Metalloids tals As Halogens lum Name Magnetic corrosion-resistant Batteries Emeralds Widgets all isotopes are radioactive Na 11 Mg 12 : Only Traces Found in Nature Alkali Earth Metals Nonmetals Sun and Stors Atomic Symbol Atomic Number number of protons 1 Liquid Ga Alkali Metals Radioactive Rare Earth Metals Actinide Metals K 32 As Zinc Selenium Stainless Steel Steel Structures Spark Plugs Low-Temperature Thermometers Thermometers Mobile Phones Fr Fireworks Rhenium