Slide dall'Università Politecnica delle Marche su Fondamenti di Elettromagnetismo: Matematica dei Decibel. Il Pdf, utile per studenti universitari di Fisica, spiega le definizioni di decibel, le sue applicazioni e le conversioni tra diverse unità, con esempi pratici e un esercizio.
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Franco Moglie Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione (DII) Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
Matematica dei Decibel SITA IT UNIVER NICA DELLE MARCHE UNIVERSITÀ POLITECNICA DELLE MARCHE F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 1/17
The decibel (dB) was introduced to measure sound level, and it is also widely used in electronics, signals and communication. The dB is a logarithmic way of describing a ratio. The ratio may be power, sound pressure, voltage or intensity or several other things. The dB is a dimensionless number The dB is a logarithmic of a ratio. Why we use dB? . For convenience and speed. . Numbers are much easier to manage. . Probably, dB is a question of a future job interview. F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 2/17
I (dB) = 10 log10 I I0
pressione (N/cm2) intensità relativa (dB) 2. 105 140 dB: soglia del dolore 120 dB: tuono 2 . 10-1 80 dB: traffico autostradale a 30 m 2. 10-3 60 dB: conversazione normale 2. 10-6 30 dB: sussurro 20 dB: fruscio di foglie 10 dB: respiro 0 dB: soglia assoluta di udibilità 2. 10-9 F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 3/17
Possono variare di molti ordini di grandezza. Per poterli rappresentare più comodamente si utilizza il decibel. F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 4/17
Transmitter Trans. Line Antenna Antenna Trans. Line Receiver
Using linear scale: 20 W TX output x 0.50 line efficiency = 10 W to antenna × 20 antenna gain = 200 W × 0.000,000,000,000,000,158,5 path attenuation = 0.000,000,000,000,031,7 W intercepted by RX antenna × 20 antenna gain = 0.000,000,000,000,634 W into line x 0.50 line efficiency = 0.000,000,000,000,317 W to receiver F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 5/17
Transmitter Trans. Line Antenna Antenna Trans. Line Receiver
Using decibels: +43 dBm TX output x -3 dB line efficiency = +40 dBm to antenna x +13 dB antenna gain = +53 dBm x -158 dB path attenuation = - 105 dBm intercepted by RX antenna x +13 dB antenna gain = - 92 dBm into line x -3 dB line efficiency = - 95 dBm to receiver F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 6/17
Power dB = 10 log10 ( P1 P2
Field dB = 20 log10 ( F1 F2 F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 7/17
F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 8/17
dB Power ratio Amplitude ratio 100 10 000 000 000 100 000 90 1 000 000 000 31 623 80 100 000 000 10 000 70 10 000 000 3162 60 1 000 000 1000 50 100 000 316.2 40 10 000 100 30 1000 31.62 20 100 10 10 10 3.162 6 3.981 = 4 1.995 = 2 3 1.995 = 2 1.413 = V2 1 1.259 1.122 0 1 1 -1 0.794 0.891 -3 0.501 = 1/2 0.708 = VI2 -6 0.251 = 4/4 0.501 = 1/2 -10 0.1 0.316 2 -20 0.01 0.1 -30 0.001 0.031 62 -40 0.000 1 0.01 -50 0.000 01 0.003 162 -60 0.000 001 0.001 -70 0.000 000 1 0.000 316 2 -80 0.000 000 01 0.000 1 -90 0.000 000 001 0.000 031 62 -100 0.000 000 000 1 0.000 01
dB = 10 log10(x)
X = 10ªB/10 F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 9/17
P (in dBm) = 10 log10 ( P 10-3 )
. oppure V (in dBmV) = 20 log10 ( V - 10-3 F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 10/17
Decibels normally refer to power ratios - in other words, the numbers we represent in dB usually are a ratio of two powers
x 1000 0.001 w 1 watt 0 dBn 30 dBm +30 dB x 0.10 100 w 10 w +50 dBm +40 dBm -10 dB
Often decibels are used to express an absolute number of watts, milliwatts, kilowatts, etc .... When used this way, we always append a letter (W, m, or k) after "dB" to show the unit we are using.
Antenna Electro- magnetic Field dBuV/m Pwr dBm
F. Moglie (DII - UNIVPM) 03.06 I dB 2021 12/17
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