Radiology of the Abdomen: Indications, Patient Preparation, and Techniques

Radiology of the Abdomen: Indications

Radiology of the abdomen -it is indicated for a wide variety of condition:

• gastrointestinal disease:
  • vomiting
  • suspected foreing body
  • tenesmus
  • diarrhoea
• urogenital disease:
  • dysuria, stranguria
  • haematuria
  • urinary incontinence
  • anuria, polyuria
• non-specific disease:
  • abdominal distension
  • palpable abdominal masses
  • or organomegaly
  • abdominal pain
  • pyrexia of unknown origin
  • weight loss
  • screening for primary or secondary neoplasia
  • screening for abdominal injury following trauma

Patient Preparation for Abdominal Radiography

• it is recommended that food is withheld for 12 hours to ensure that the stomach and small intestine are relatively empty;
• the patient should be given the opportunity to defecate and urinate prior to abdominal radiography;

Standard Radiographic Views

Standard radiographic views: -LL + VD = minimum recommendation; -in cases of suspected gastrointestinal obstruction = L left + L right + VD (as this allows redistribution of gas and fluid within the intestin and stomach)

Additional Radiographic Views

Additional views: -DV (as part of a barium gastrogram); -lateral oblique views (to evaluated the terminal ureters when performing iv urography); -horizontal beam decubitus view (to detect small volumes of free abdominal gas, which typically collects at the higest point of the abdominal beneath the non- dependent ribs with the animal positioned in lateral recumbency);-cats + small dogs -large dogsI- - -Acq st Gb Bd Pd B APd LL S RK Duo RL LK

Pancreas Visibility on Radiography

-the normal pancreas is too small to be visible on radiography, so any displacement due to changes in adjacent organs will not be recognized; -ultrasonography or CT are more sensitive;ABDOMEN Mag: 1.0x 10 2 4 11 7 6 8 13 12 1 3 9 5 R westie , 10 ani

Abdominal Organ Identification

1-liver, 2-stomach fundus region, 3-stomach pylorus region, 4-spleen head, 5- spleen tail, 6-duodenum, 7-colon, 8-cecum, 9-small intestines, 10-right kidney, 11- left kidneys, 12-colon, 13- urinary bladder.1-stomach fundus region, 2-stomach pylorus region, 3-spleen head 4-cecum 5-left kidney 6-colon 7-transvers colon 8-liver 9-duodenum 10-urinary bladder va01 Facultatea de Medicina Vet AV7QXPO.1 L O Basmatra 8 2012 Acq Tm: 1 IEN 9 Dx 2 1 7 3 5 4 6 10 M / Lin: DCM / Id: ID L:2047Right kidney Stomach Left kidney Colon Liver Urinary bladder Cecum Colon Tail of the spleenpekinez 3 ani M Lin: DCM / Lin: DCM / Id: ID VALA0OF 1.00.17 01 Le Medicina Veterinara B 4FQX2.1 O 20090417- ape 2009 Acq Tm: pekinez M 3 R in: DCM / Id: ID 2047

Normal X-ray with Contrast Medium

Normal x-ray with contrast mediumABDOMEN ZUT Acq Tm: L Normal x-ray with contrast medium R 1.2 ani M DOM / INIx x x x x x X - Dark gray - fat, that gives contrast for the other organs in the abdominal cavity X - Fecalomas on the colonA 2013 Feb Acq Tm: 13:00 N DOMEN imediat dupa administra℮ :DCM / Lin: DCM / |/ Lin: DCM / Id: ID :2047 SIZES ARE APPROXIMAR femela, 13 ani, metis

Soft Tissue Mass on Spleen/Kidney

Soft tissue radiopaque mass on the tail of the spleen localization in the LL view, VD view the same mass visible on the mid line of the abdomen/DDx with kidney mass Recommendation: ultrasonography/CTAcq Tm: 10:59:55 Se: 1/7 Im: 2/1 ABDOMEN Mag: 1.0x R Lin: DCM / Lin:DCM / Id:ID W:4095 L:2047 R ciobanesc german 8 luni, M SIZES ARE APPROXIMATER femelă, 16 ani, europeană- Poodle, F, 13 years old Soft tissue radiopaque mass possible on the tail of the spleen/kindey localization in the LL view, VD view the same mass visible on the mid-lateral left line of the abdomen/DDx with spleen/kidney mass Recommendation: ultrasonography/CTWire sponge Decorative tinsel

Icter and Cholelithiasis

Animal present icter. Radiopacity located on the liver, topographically at the biliary bladder, small mineralization as calculi - cholelithiasis europeană, f, 6 aniAcq Tm: 10:30:25 LSPINE Facultatea de Medici PCREleva01 Ex: S-J67M3C68.1 AP Se: 1/1 Im: 2/1 O Acq PELVIS R Europeana, 10 luni, F R L

Coprostasis and Foreign Body

Coprostasis secondary to a pelvic fractureR sharpei , 2.3 ani ,F Paper clip L R sharpei , 2.3 ani , FA R 36 mm 36 mm CM / Id: ID SIZES AREAcq Tm: 13:26:21 m: 12:56:373 IEN 6 7 1-2 14 .15 ..... 4. 1-1 13 1ft ARE APP 30 1 2 3 Lin: DCM / Lin: DCM / Id: ID W:4095 L:2047 SIZES A n: DCM / Id: ID 047 SIZES ARE APPI Lin: DCM / Lin: DCM / Id:ID W:4095 L:2047 A / Lin: DCM / Id:ID L:2047 SIZES ARE / Ac ABDOMEN Lin: DCM / Lin: [ W:4095 L:204