Diapositivas sobre la organización del citoplasma: Citoesqueleto. El Pdf, de nivel universitario, explora la estructura y función de los filamentos de actina, microtúbulos y filamentos intermedios en biología, con ilustraciones detalladas.
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Organización del citoplasma: Citoesqueleto Carolina Baez Fonaudiología Bases de las ciencias biológicas en la salud 2024EN EL CITOPALSMA ENCONTRAMOS AL CITOESQUELETOY SE COMPONE DE 3 TIPOS DE FILAMENTOS
0 25 μm 25 um 25 nm 25 nm 25 um 25 nm 8-9 nm 24 nm 10 nmShear 1 TensionEL CITESQUELETO PARTICIPA EN LAS UNIONES CELULARES APICAL
- deformation - microtubules intermediate filaments actin filaments deforming force Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. New York: Garland Science; 2002.FILEMNTOS ACTINA 100 nm 25 nm actin molecule plus end plus end NH2 T HOOC 37 nm ATP (ADP when in filament) minus end minus end (B) (C) 25 nm (A)
Ubicación en la célula de FILAMENTOS DE ACTINA C (A) (B) (C) (D) Figure 17-28 Essential Cell Biology 3/e (@ Garland Science 2010) A-Microvellosidades B-Haces contractiles C-Protusiones de una célula en movimiento D-Anillo contractili)
Cortex crosslinked networks ii) iv) iii) Stress fibers antiparallel contractile structures Lamellipodium FilopodiumOlson, M. F., & Sahai, E. (2008). The actin cytoskeleton in cancer cell motility. Clinical & Experimental Metastasis, 26(4), 273-287. stress fibres pseudopodium ** filopodia lamellipodium
POLIMERIZACIÓN Y DESPOLIMERIZACION DEL FILAMENTO DE ACTINA P Hydrolysis of ATP DO AND TADP ADP OO ADPODP ADP ADP ATP ATPOORATP Plus end ATP ADP ADP ADECADE ATP ATP ATP Exchange of ATP for ADP ADP d P barbed end pointed end nd Actin-ADP-Pi TADPOO ADP ATP Actin-ATP Actin-ADP
POLIMERIZACIÓN DE LOS FILAMENTOS DE ACTINA nucleation (lag phase) elongation (growth phase) steady state (equilibrium phase)
POLIMERIZACIÓN DE LOS FILAMENTOS DE ACTINA nucleation (lag phase) elongation (growth phase) steady state (equilibrium phase) elongation (growth phase) steady state (equilibrium phase) 100 concentration of monomers at steady state = C _ % actin subunits in filaments actin filament with subunits coming on and off actin filament with subunits coming on and off growing actin filament actin subunits 0 oligomers (A) time after salt addition 100 Ce unchanged by addition of nuclei % actin subunits in filaments growing actin filament 0 preformed filament seeds added here (B) time after salt addition
NUCLEACIÓN:
LA PROFILINA DESEMPEÑA UN PAPEL EN LA ELONGACIÓN DE LOS F.A. REGULANDO DE LA POLIMERIZACIÓN DE LA ACTINA. Box 1 | The engine: core actin polymerization machinery Profilin-℮ a Spontaneous Barbed end Nucleation Elongation T Pointed end F-actin G-actin F-actin nucleus Capping protein Su función principal es unirse a los monomeros de actina globular (G-actina) y facilitar su incorporación en los extremos de crecimiento de los filamentos de actina (F-actina), lo que promueve la elongación de estos filamentos.
ARP2/3 ES UN COMPLEJO PROTEICO QUE DESEMPEÑA UN PAPEL CRUCIAL EN LA NUCLEACIÓN Y RAMIFICACIÓN DE LOS FILAMENTOS DE ACTINA EN LAS CÉLULAS EUCARIOTAS. b b Facilitated Formin Enhanced elongation daughter filament Branching nucleation Arp 2/3 ENA/VASP Profilin- ARP2/3 complex (inactive) mother filament 70° Este complejo tiene la capacidad única de inducir el crecimiento de nuevos filamentos de actina a partir de los ya existentes en un ángulo de aproximadamente 70 grados, lo que resulta en la formación de una estructura de red ramificada.
LOS FILAMENTOS DE ACTINA SE ASOCIAN CON LOS CONTACTOS FOCALES Molecular architecture of FAs Actin st-060 för00 Myosin Myosin Myosin Zyn Vincuin Vro a-Action Focal contact proteins FAK FAK Pasión Yp1300130 Plasma imembrane boo Intogrins Extracelular matrix NRM&CB 6:56, 2005 Composition of a focal adhesion
ACTINA Y DESPLAZAMIENTO CELULAR actin cortex lamellipodium substratum cortex under tension actin polymerization at plus end protrudes lamellipodium PROTRUSION movement of unpolymerized actin myosin II contraction ATTACHMENT AND TRACTION focal contacts (contain integrins) Figure 16-86 Molecular Biology of the Cell 5/e (@ Garland Science 2008) La célula extiende protrusiones en su frente o extremo directo
MICROTÚBULOS B-tubulin GTP tubulin heterodimer (= microtubule subunit) protofilament lumen plus end 1 50 nm minus end (B) a-tubulin (C) microtubule Polimerización de tubulina GTP GTP @ Tubulin ₿ Tubulin GTP cap (+) end 1 1 GDP micro- tubule (-) end = = Protofilament assembly 2 Sheet assembly Microtubule elongation
LA POLIMERIZACION INESTABILID DINÁMICA Y DESPOLIMERIZACION GENERA GTP-tubulin dimer B GTP exchangeable GTP GTP GTP GTP (-) (+) straight protofilament Preexisting microtubule GTP HYDROLYSIS CHANGES SUBUNIT CONFORMA AND WEAKENS BOND IN THE POLYMER GDP GDP GDP curved protofilament DEPOLYMERIZATION GDP GDP GDP-tubulin dimer GDP 1 GDP-GTP EXCHANGE GTP (B) High concentration of GTP-bound free tubulin Low concentration of GTP-bound free tubulin 1 accidental loss of GTP cap CATASTROPHE rapid shrinkage 1 regain of GTP cap RESCUE rapid growth with GTP-capped end etc. sólo se añade tubulina GTP (la tubulina GDP tiende a despolimerizar) Addition of GTP-bound tubulin less stable region of microtubule containing GDP-tubulin dimers GTP cap rapid growth with GTP-capped end GROWING SHRINKING (C) Tubulin with bound GDP Tubulin with bound GTP GTP cap Stable Unstable GDP cap (A)
HAY PROTEINAS QUE PARTICIPAN EN LA POLIMERIZACION Y DESPOLIMERIZACION DEL MICROTÚBULO. catastrophe factor (kinesin-13) DESTABILIZATION frequency of catastrophes increased GTP cap on plus end of microtubule STABILIZATION XMAP215 frequency of catastrophes suppressed and growth rate enhanced
ENCONTRAMOS MICROTUBULOS EN LOS CENTROSOMAS nucleating sites (y-tubulin ring complexes) + + + + pericentriolar material + + + + + + + pair of centrioles + + + + + + microtubules growing from 7-tubulin ring complexes of the centrosome (B) + + + x O D (C) (A)
LOS CENTRIOLOS SE COMPONEN DE MICROTUBULOS (A) distal appendages mother centriole pericentriolar material daughter centriole (C) O A B C microtubule triplet
Cilios inner sheath L radial spoke central singlet microtubule nexin inner dynein arm outer dynein arm t 1 A microtubule B microtubule- plasma membrane 100 nm outer doublet microtubule(A) myosin-I 70 nm y y (B) myosin-I t vesicle (C) + myosin-I Figure 17-36 Essential Cell Biology 3/e (@ Garland Science 2010) plasma membrane(A) myosin-II molecule head tail 1 150 nm myosin heads (B) myosin-II filament bare region 1 pm Figure 17-38 Essential Cell Biology 3/e (@ Garland Science 2010) + myosin-Il + Figure 17-39 Essential Cell Biology 3/e (@ Garland Science 2010) plasma membrane
CONTRACCIÓN MUSCULAR
FILAMENTOS INTERMEDIOS NH2 COOH a-helical region of monomer NH2 COOH (B) coiled-coil dimer NH2 COOH 48 nm NH2 COOH COOH NH2 NH2 COOH NH2 staggered tetramer of two coiled-coil dimers lateral association of 8 tetramers (D) (E) addition of 8 tetramers to growing filament (A) COOH
LOS FILAMENTOS INTERMEDIOS SE ENCUENTRAN UNIDOS A LOS HEMIDESMOSOMAS basal cell of epidermis basal lamina defective keratin filament network hemidesmosomes (C)
INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS CYTOPLASMIC NUCLEAR keratins vimentin and vimentin-related neurofilaments nuclear lamins in epithelia in connective tissue, muscle cells, and neuroglial cells in nerve cells in all animal cells
Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex mutations in keratin 14 (K14) or K5, the type I and II intermediate filament (IF Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis Basal layer Simplex Junctional Dystrophic ECM a K14 null c K14 null d WT 7 epi epi Bilater Blister b WT hf hf Chf Dermis Dermis Coulombe, P. A., & Lee, C .- H. (2012). Defining keratin protein function in skin epithelia: epidermolysis bullosa simplex and its aftermath. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 132(3 Pt 2), 763-775.
Filamentos intermedios nucleares CYTOSOL nuclear envelope nuclear pore nuclear lamina NUCLEUS OČ chromatin Se encuentran por la cara interna de la envoltura nuclear
Filamentos intermedios en uniones celulares