George Orwell: biography and analysis of Nineteen Eighty-Four

George Orwell: Life and Works

BBC George Orwell ( (1903-1950) Compact Performer - Culture & Literature Marina Spiazzi, Marina Tavella, Margaret Layton @ 2015 ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Life of George Orwell

1. Life Born Eric Blair in India in 1903, he was the son of a minor colonial official. George Orwell with his son Richard. George Orwell at his typewriter. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell
2. Life
   • Orwell was educated at Eton, in England, where he began to develop an independent-minded personality, indifference to accepted values, and professed atheism and socialism.

   . On leaving college, he started to work for the Indian Imperial Police in Burma (1922-1927). George Orwell Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

3. Life
   • He hated working in Burma and returned to England on sick-leave.

   . Once back in England, he devoted himself to writing full time, publishing his works with the pseudonym of George Orwell. George Orwell (third standing from the right) in Spain. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Works by George Orwell

1. Works
   • Down and Out in Paris and London (1933) >> a non- fiction narrative in which he described his experience among the poor.
   • Burmese Days (1934) -> based on his experiences in the colonial service.
   • The Road to Wigan Pier (1937) -> a report on the conditions of miners in the industrial North. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell
2. Works
   • Homage to Catalonia (1938) -> based on his experience during the Spanish Civil War.
   • Animal Farm (1945) made him internationally known and financially secure.
   • Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949) -> his most original novel. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

The Artist's Development

1. The artist's development
   • Rejection of his English background he accepted new ideas and impressions.
   • Conflict between middle-class education and emotional identification with the working class.

   • The role of the artist to inform, to reveal facts and draw conclusions from them social function. George Orwell. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Social Themes in Orwell's Work

1. Social themes Influence of Dickens in the choice of:
   • social themes
   • realistic language
   • misery caused by poverty
   • depravation of society Criticism of totalitarianism, the violation of liberty and tyranny in all its forms. BBC George Orwell while working for the BBC. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Animal Farm

Historical Background of Animal Farm

1. Animal Farm Historical background Animal Farm is Orwell's reaction to:
   • Stalin's Purge Trials (1930);
   • Stalin's signature of the non-aggression pact with Hitler (1939). ANIMAL FARM sediscapaci GEORGE ORWELL Cover of Animal Farm by George Orwell. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell
2. Animal Farm Historical background

   . The book expresses Orwell's disillusionment with totalitarianism in the form of an animal fable.

   . It is a dystopia influenced by Swift's Gulliver's Travels (1721- 1725). ANIMAL FARM A FAIRY STORY by GEORGE ORWELL First edition cover. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

The Plot of Animal Farm

1. Animal Farm The plot • Short narrative set on a farm. · A group of oppressed animals, led by Napoleon, overcome their cruel master and set up a revolutionary government. @ BBC A scene from Animal Farm, a 1954 animated movie based on Orwell' s book. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Napoleon's Dictatorial Regime

1. Animal Farm The plot · Napoleon's leadership becomes a dictatorial regime. · All the Seven Commandments are abandoned and only one remains: 'all animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others'. HALLMARK ENTERTAINMENT. ANIMAL FARM There's a new day dining on the farm. TEXTURING THE VOICES OUT KELSEY GRANMER CIAN HOLM JULIA LOUIS DREYFUS PETE POSTLETHWAITE PAUL SCOFIELD PATRICK STEWART JULIA ORMOND PETER USTINOV A poster of the 1999 film. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Meaning of Animal Farm

1. Animal Farm The meaning of the book • Parallel with the history of the USSR between 1917 and 1943. · Each animal symbolises a precise figure or representative type. · Animal Farm is not only a satire on the Soviet Union, but a satire on dictatorship in general, as the name 'Napoleon' shows. Stalin. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

The Animals as Symbols

1. Animal Farm The animals Besides being a symbol, each animal possesses the traits of its species. OLD MAJOR a mixture of Marx and Lenin FARMER JONES Czar Nicolas II SNOWBALL Trotsky NAPOLEON Stalin BOXER The loyal, hard-working man, his name derives from the Boxer Rebellion in China THE DOGS a metaphor for the Terror State Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

History as Fable in Animal Farm

1. Animal Farm History as fable Orwell's inspiration Animated cartoons Literary sources The fables of Aesop or La Fontaine Third and fourth books of Gulliver's Travels Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Revolution's Decay in Animal Farm

1. Animal Farm ANIMAL FARM GEORGE ORWELL. · Animal Farm shows how the initial idealism of the revolution gradually decayed into inequality, hierarchy and finally dictatorship. . This decay of the revolution is always seen from the community's point of view, never from the pigs'. A contemporary edition of Animal Farm. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Betrayal of Revolutionary Ideals

1. Animal Farm The revolution · Animal Farm does not attack the original ideals of the Revolution but the ways in which they were betrayed. . Gradually, the privileges and abuses of the old regime are restored in a systematic, tyrannical form: this is what Orwell means by totalitarianism (each step violates some revolutionary principle of the Seven Commandments). Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Description of the Working Class

1. Animal Farm Description of the working class From different points of view through different animals THE ANIMAL ... ... STANDS FOR The sheep blind conformity The highly strung hens the easily agitated mob Boxer the horse hard work, endurance and patriotic loyalty Benjamin the donkey stoic detachment from all utopian ideas Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Religion in Animal Farm

1. Animal Farm Religion Orwell remains conventionally socialist in portraying religion. The raven Moses, who is Mr Jones's favourite pet, derives its name from the Hebrew word 'lawgiver'. When the revolution turns conservative and nationalistic, Napoleon brings the raven back, as Stalin brought back the Russian Orthodox Church. A raven. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Nineteen Eighty-Four

Subject of Nineteen Eighty-Four

1. Nineteen Eighty-Four Subject · Life in a big totalitarian system, Oceania (North America, South Africa, Australia). · Airstrip One, a future England, is an outpost of Oceania. VIRGIN FILMS a santa ana produits. UMBRELLA - ROSENBLUM JOHN HURT . RICHARD BURTON ORWELL 1984 Un * : MICHAEL RADFORD - tratte ta romantre & GEORGE ORWELL 1984 :- SUZANNA HAMILTON - CYRIL CUSACK direttoreich la fotograto ROGER DEAKINS - TOM PRIESTLEY - ALLAN CAMERON Poster for Michael Radford's 'Nineteen Eighty-Four' (1984). Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Structure of Nineteen Eighty-Four

1. Nineteen Eighty-Four Structure • Introduction of the protagonist, Winston Smith, in this oppressive world. • Winston & Julia's love -> happiness. • Winston's imprisonment and torture. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Setting of Nineteen Eighty-Four

1. Nineteen Eighty-Four Setting London, in the mythical country of Oceania, 1984 (in the future). London: a desolated city governed by terror and the constant control of BIG BROTHER. BIG BROTH IS WATCHING YO Nobody escapes the gaze of Big Brother. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Ranking Order in Oceania

1. Nineteen Eighty-Four Ranking order in Oceania · Oceania is a huge country ruled by The Party. . The Inner Party (1% of population) controls the country. . The Outer Party (18% of population) is controlled by the Inner Party. · The Proles (81% of population) are the labour power who live in poverty. · The Brotherhood is an underground rebel organisation led by Emmanuel Goldstein. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Dystopian Novel Elements

1. Nineteen Eighty-Four A dystopian novel 1984 George Orwell A frightening picture of the future The Party controls everything: Ministry of Truth, Ministry of Love slogan 'freedom is slavery' (Chapter 1) A contemporary edition of Nineteen Eighty-Four. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Lack of Privacy: Telescreen

1. Nineteen Eighty-Four A dystopian novel No privacy: TELESCREEN '[ ... ] an oblong metal plaque like a dulled mirror. The telescreen received and transmitted simultaneously. Any sound [ ... ] would be picked by it' (Chapter 1) Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Perpetual War and Party Control

1. Nineteen Eighty-Four A dystopian novel A perpetual state of war: Two Minutes Hate The Party provides for everything: ' .. some necessary article which the Party shops were unable to supply' (Chapter 5) george Orwell mineteen eighty-four a novel The British first edition cover. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Punishment Against Rebels

1. Nineteen Eighty-Four A dystopian novel Punishment against the rebels 'I have it in my power to inflict pain on you at any moment and to whatever degree I choose' (Chapter 2) Poster for the film '1984'. GEORGE ORWELL'S TERRIFYING VISION COMES TO THE SCREEN. 984 JOHNHURT - RICHARD BURTON in tchod Radford : I'm of Goo'Te Crwdl's NINETEEN EIGHTYFOUR ® WINSUZANNA HAMILTON . CYKL CUSACK A Virgin Tâm Limbiga-Roubkra fâme production Enbewave Produkter MARVIN ROSENBLUH. Co-produces. AL CLARK & ROBERT DEVEREUX Produced by SIMION PERKY - WHizoto & Directed by MICHAEL RADFORD AVIRGIN FILMRELEASE In isocation vih TWENTIETH CENTURY FOX tough UK. FILM DISTRIBUTORS LTD Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLIGeorge Orwell

Newspeak in Nineteen Eighty-Four

1. Nineteen Eighty-Four Newspeak . Newspeak is the official language of Oceania. . The goal of the Party is to have Newspeak replace Oldspeak (standard English). MAKE THIS PLEDGE: WAR IS PEACE. SLAVERY IS FREEDOM. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH. The Party's motto in Nineteen Eighty-Four. Compact Performer - Culture & Literature ZANICHELLI