Corso di micologia fitopatologica: sintomi causati dai funghi nelle piante

VDIVM ST CILIAE IS-1434.3 GENERA

CORSO di "MICOLOGIA FITOPATOLOGICA"

PRINCIPALI ESPRESSIONI SINTOMATOLOGICHE CAUSATE DAI PATOGENI FUNGINI

Prof. Alessandro VitalePrincipali espressioni sintomatologiche I funghi causano sintomi localizzati o sistemici sui loro ospiti che possono comparire separatamente o possono seguire uno all'altro. Generalmente, essi causano necrosi locali o generalizzate dei tessuti vegetali, e spesso inducono nanismo degli organi vegetali o dell'intera pianta oppure un eccessivo accrescimento.

1. Leaf spot: Localized lesions on host leaves consisting of dead and collapsed cells; www.apsnet.org Macchia fogliare da Rhizoctonia solani su tabacco

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Blight (leaf or shoot or blossom blight): General and extremely rapid browning and death of leaves, branches, twigs, and floral organs. Agrios, 2005 Disseccamento fogliare causato da Cercospora zeae-maydis

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Canker: Localized necrotic lesion on a stem or fleshy organ, often sunken, of a plant; Agrios, 2005 Cancro da Nectria spp. su melo

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Dieback: Extensive necrosis of twigs beginning at their tips and advancing toward their bases; Agrios, 2005 Disseccamenti terminali dei rami da Leucostoma (Cytospora) spp. su pesco

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Root rot: Disintegration or decay of part or all of the root system of a plant; Marciume radicale da Pyrenochaeta lycopersici

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Damping-off: Rapid death and collapse of very young seedlings. Agrios, 2005 Agrios, 2005 Moria dei semenzali su cetriolo da Pythium Moria dei semenzali da Pythium

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Basal stem rot: Disintegration of the lower part of the stem; Marciume basale da Sclerotium rolfsii

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Soft rots and dry rots: Maceration and disintegration of fruits, roots, bulbs, tubers, and fleshy leaves. Adesemoye et al. 2011 Marciume secco radicale degli agrumi (Dry root rot -DRR), da Fusarium solani Agrios, 2005 Marciume acquoso da Pythium spp. su cucurbitacee,

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Anthracnose: Necrotic and sunken ulcer-like lesion on the stem, leaf, fruit, or flower of the host plant caused mainly by a certain group of fungi; Agrios, 2005 Antracnosi da Colletotrichum su peperone Antracnosi da Colletotrichum gloeosporioides su arancia

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Scab: Localized lesions on host fruit, leaves, tubers, etc., usually slightly raised or sunken and cracked, giving a scabby appearance; Ticchiolatura da Venturia inaequalis Ticchiolatura da Fusicladium eriobotryae Ascomicete Fungo mitosporico plasmodioforide Scabbia polverulenta da Spongospora subterranea

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Decline: Progressive loss of vigor; plants growing poorly; leaves small, brittle, yellowish, or red; some defoliation and dieback present Apsnet.org Collasso da Monosporascus cannonballus su melone

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche

1. Wood rot and decays: Fungi that cause tree or wood product decays grow inside the wood cells and utilize the cell wall components for food and energy (Ganoderma spp. Phellinus spp., Fomitiporia spp.). This usually results in rotten wood that is some shade of brown and, in advanced stages, has a cubical pattern of cracking and a crumbly texture Agrios, 2005 Carie del legno da Trametes e altri funghi agenti di carie (Phellinus spp.)

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche - Casi particolari

1. Late blight of potato and tomato: disease that induced the Irish potato famine of the 1840s, at first described by Berkeley and subsequently named Phytophthora infestans by Anton de Bary (father of plant pathology and mycology) Apsnet.org (courtesy Ristaino) Peronospora della patata e del pomodoro da Phytophthora infestans su foglia di patata e su bacca e fusto di pomodoro .

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche - Casi particolari

1. Early blight of potato and tomato: one of the most important diseases in USA occurring on fruit, stem and foliage of tomatoes and potatoes (no stems). Causal agent, Alternaria solani, overwinters as chlamydospores in cultural debris. Apsnet.org (Stevenson) Apsnet.org (Kemmitt) Alternariosi da Alternaria solani su foglia di patata e su foglie e fusto di pomodoro

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche - Casi particolari

1. Downy mildew of grape: It is a highly destructive disease of grapevines in all grape-growing areas of the world where there is spring and summer rainfall at temperatures above 10℃ (50ºF). In 1885, P.M.A. Millardet first used Bordeaux mixture (copper sulfate and lime) to control this disease Peronospora della vite da Plasmopara viticola su foglie di vite

Principali espressioni sintomatologiche - Casi particolari

1. Powdery mildew: they are obligate, biotrophic parasites (Ascomycota). Their diseases are common, widespread, and easily recognizable. Infection by the fungus is favored by high humidity but not by free water. Powdery mildew fungi tend to grow superficially, or epiphytically, on plant surfaces. Mal bianco su cucurbitacee ed evonimo da Golovinomyces (Erysiphe) chicoracearum e Podosphaera xanthii e Oidium euonymi-japonici rispettivamente.