Diapositivas de la Universitat Politècnica de València sobre Centrales Hidroeléctricas. El Pdf, un recurso didáctico de Tecnología para Universidad, explora el potencial hidroeléctrico y el ciclo del agua, incluyendo diagramas explicativos y conceptos clave.
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ESCUELA TÉCNICA SUPERIOR INGENIEROS INDUSTRIALES VALENCIA GRADO EN INGENIERÍA DE LA ENERGÍA 4° CURSO + PALENCIA UNIVERSITAT POLITÈCNICA DE VALENCIA CENTRALES HIDROELÉCTRICAS Curso 2024-25 Prof. Responsable: Fernando Martínez Alzamora fmartine@hma.upv.es Prof. Asociado: José Navarro Torrijos jonator@dihma.upv.es D Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente REDHISP Grupo de Redes Hidráulicas y Sistemas a Presión2
LA ENERGÍA HIDROELÉCTRICA: CAPACIDAD GLOBAL Y DATOS DE GENERACIÓN CARACTERÍSTICAS DE LA ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA EL CICLO DEL AGUA PRINCIPIO DE APROVECHAMIENTO HIDROELÉCRICO POTENCIAL HIDROELÉCTRICO DE UNA CUENCA APROVECHAMIENTO INTEGRAL DE UNA CUENCA 0 Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente REDHISP Grupo de Redes Hidráulicas y Sistemas a Presión3
0 Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente REDHISP Grupo de Redes Hidráulicas y Sistemas a PresiónLA ENERGÍA HIDROELÉCTRICA: POTENCIA GLOBAL Y DATOS DE GENERACIÓN. MUNDIAL 4
4,185 TWh Electricity generated from hydropower in 2023
1,416 GW Hydropower installed capacity reached in 2023
13.7 GW Capacity added in 2023, including pumped storage
179 GW Pumped storage installed capacity reached in 2023
6.5 GW Pumped storage capacity added in 2023
En 2023, a nivel mundial, la generación de electricidad a partir de energía hidroeléctrica alcanzó un estimado de 4.185 TWh, estableciendo la contribución más alta de una fuente de energía renovable.
El año pasado se pusieron en funcionamiento aproximadamente 13,7 GW de capacidad hidroeléctrica, lo que eleva la capacidad instalada total del mundo a 1.416 (GW).
2024 World Hydropower Outlook | Global trends International Hydropower Association
Overall hydropower installed capacity 2023
China 421 GW Brazil 110 GW United States 102GW Canada 83GW Russia 56Gw India 52Gw Japan 50Gw 1416 GW Norway 34Gw total hydropower installed capacity in 2023 France 26Gw Vietnam 23Gw Italy 22Gw Spain 20Gw Switzerland 18Gw Venezuela 17Gw Key Sweden 16Gw North and Central America Germany 14Gw South America Colombia 13Gw Europe Iran 13Gw Africa Mexico 13Gw South and Central Asia Rest of the world 280Gw East Asia and Pacific hydropower.org 0 Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente
Hydropower installed capacity growth 2019-2023
2023 1,416GW 2022 1,397GW 2021 1,360GW 2020 1,330GW 2019 1,308GW D 300,000 600,000 900,000 1,200,000 1,500,000 40 REDHISP Grupo de Redes Hidráulicas y Sistemas a Presión Türkiye 33GwLA ENERGÍA HIDROELÉCTRICA: POTENCIA GLOBAL Y DATOS DE GENERACIÓN. MUNDIAL 5
2023 International Hydropower Association 2024 World Hydropower Outlook | Global trends
Hydropower capacity by region in 2023
Europe 259GW Hydropower capacity 717MW New hydropower installed capacity
South and Central Asia 166GW Hydropower capacity North and Central America 206GW Hydropower capacity 207MW New hydropower installed capacity
1,338MW New hydropower installed capacity
8,586MW New hydropower Installed capacity
South America 181 GW Hydropower capacity
East Asia and Pacific 562GW Hydropower capacity
1,203MW New hydropower installed capacity
42GW Hydropower capacity Africa 1,874MW New hydropower installed capacity
Hydropower generation by region in 2023
728 TWh 4
645 TWh
637 TWh 4
514 TWh
158 TWh East Asia and Pacific South America North and Central America Europe South and Central Asia + Africa hydropower.org 39 0 Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente REDHISP Grupo de Redes Hidráulicas y Sistemas a Presión 1,503 TWhLA ENERGÍA HIDROELÉCTRICA: POTENCIA GLOBAL Y DATOS DE GENERACIÓN. MUNDIAL 6
HYDROPOWER GROWTH THROUGH THE DECADES
1500 4500
- 4000 1250
- 3500 1000
- 3000 Capacity (GW)
- 2500 750
-2000 500
- 1500 Annual average generation (TWh)
-1000 250
- 500 0
-0 1950-1959 1960-1969 1970-1979 1980-1989 1990-1999 2000-2009 2010-2018 Added capacity (GW) Cumulative capacity (GW) Annual average generation (TWh) 0 Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente REDHISP Grupo de Redes Hidráulicas y Sistemas a PresiónLA ENERGÍA HIDROELÉCTRICA: POTENCIA GLOBAL Y DATOS DE GENERACIÓN. EUROPA 7
Europe Europe in numbers
Top 10 ranking by total installed hydropower capacity
Top 5 countries by capacity added in 2023
Norway 33,897MW Sweden 16,391MW
Generation by hydropower in 2023 637 TWh
Capacity added in 2023* 596MW
1 Türkiye 399MW
2 Austria 120MW
Pumped storage capacity added in 2023 121MW
Total installed capacity* 259%
3 Germany 91MW
4 Norway 90MW
France 25,534MW Austria 11,821MW Spain 20,425MW
1 Italy 22,149MW 4
Total pumped storage installed capacity 54GW
"Including pumped usuga 5 Finland 5MW Switzerland 17,533MW 0 Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente REDHISP Grupo de Redes Hidráulicas y Sistemas a Presión Europe Germany 14,428MW Türkiye 32,529MW Portugal 8,196MW8
International Hydropower Association 2024 World Hydropower Outlook | Regional trends
Countries to watch
Key Low unexploited potential/minimal policy activity/limited project pipeline Moderate unexploited potential/some policy activity/intermediate project pipeline High unexploited potential/strong policy activity/Large project pipeline
| Country | Unexploited potential | Policy activity | Development pipeline |
|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | Substantial PSH potential to exploit. | The government is showing support for new PSH development and is currently studying the implementation of an ad-hoc remuneration mechanism for LDES technologies. It is estimated that in Great Britain up to 50GW of long-duration flexibility will be needed by 2035. | Several PSH projects are under development for a combined installed capacity of over 7GW and 136GWh of energy storage. Recent support shown by the UK Government has substantially sparked the market, attracting local and international investment. |
| Spain | Limited conventional hydropower potential remains, but there is great scope to develop new PSH assets or convert existing facilities. | The Spanish Government has set targets to develop 22GW of storage capacity by 2030. A grant scheme of €100 million has been made available for PSH development. | Six PSH projects in Spain are currently in permitting stage or under construction. Combined, these have an installed capacity of around 2.5GW with over 740GWh of energy storage. |
| Austria | Limited conventional hydropower potential remains to be developed, but PSH potential is significant. | The 2021 Renewable Energy Expansion Act sets a challenging target to increase hydropower production by 4TWh by 2030. | Austria has over 2.7GW of hydropower plants under development (1GW under construction), of which the vast majority are PSH assets. |
| Switzerland | Limited conventional hydropower potential remains to be developed, but PSH potential is significant. | Between 2020 and 2021, the Swiss Government identified 16 PSH projects through a multi-stakeholder consultation aiming to develop 2TWh of capacity over two decades. A new law introduced in 2023 simplifies approval processes for PSH projects. | The country has solid plans to boost its long-duration energy storage through the development of 16 new PSH projects, though these are currently in early stage. |
| Türkiye | According to the Turkish Government there is over 130TWh of technically exploitable hydropower potential in the country, of which 60-70TWh is currently used. | The Turkish Government has substantially supported the development of new hydropower facilities over the last 20 years and placed hydropower resources at the core of its energy policies. | Türkiye has 2.3GW of hydropower projects currently under development, of which 460MW are under construction. |
Interesting fact: A report published by BIGGAR Economics in May 2023 and commissioned by Scottish Renewables showed PSH in Scotland could bring significant benefits. The investment of £6-8 billion would result in 4.9GW/95.8GWh of new capacity, doubling the UK's PSH fleet and creating 10,700-14,800 construction jobs and 1,230 operational jobs.9
Demanda de energia eléctrica en España
Longitud de circuitos total de la red nacional 244.665 GWh 45.223 Km
Descubre más sobre la demanda -> Descubre mas sobre el transporte 0-00
-2,3% Respecto al 2022
Capacidad de transformación nacional 94.981 MVA
Mercados eléctricos Producción
Generación de energia eléctrica en el sistema nacional
Componente del mercado diario e Intradiario en la composición del precio final de la energia
266.807 GWh 88,7 %
Descubre mas sobre la producción Descubre mas sobre los mercados
-3,5% Respecto al 2022
Energía final
-2,4% Respecto al 2022
Intercambios internacionales programados de energía eléctrica
Panorama europeo
Generación renovable en el conjunto de paises miembros de ENTSO-E
Saldo exportador 2023 45,2 % 13.938 GWh
Descubre mas sobre el panorama europeo
Descubre mas sobre los intercambios internacionales
T +5,6p.p. Respecto al 2022
-29,8% Respecto al 2022
Transporte de energia eléctricaLA ENERGÍA HIDROELÉCTRICA: POTENCIA GLOBAL Y DATOS DE GENERACIÓN. ESPAÑA. 10
Sistema peninsular Sistema no peninsular Nacional MW %23/22 MW %23/22 MW %23/22
| Hidráulica | 17.096 | 0,0 | 2 | 0,0 | 17.097 | 0,0 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hidroeólica | 11 | 0,0 | 11 | 0,0 | ||
| Eólica | 30.162 | 2,1 | 648 | 7,6 | 30.810 | 2,2 |
| Solar fotovoltaica | 24.982 | 28,0 | 568 | 28,5 | 25.549 | 28,0 |
| Solar térmica | 2.304 | 0,0 | - | - | 2.304 | 0,0 |
| Otras renovables | 1.087 | 0,0 | 10 | 64,2 | 1.097 | 0,3 |
| Residuos renovables | 132 | 0,0 | 38 | 0,0 | 170 | 0,0 |
| Renovables | 75.763 | 8,7 | 1.277 | 16,0 | 77.039 | 8,8 |
| Turbinación bombeo | 3.331 | 0,0 | 3.331 | 0,0 | ||
| Nuclear | 7.117 | 0,0 | 7.117 | 0,0 | ||
| Carbón | 3.223 | 0,0 | 241 | 3.464 | 0,0 | |
| Fuel + Gas | 8 | 0,0 | 2.400 | 0,0 | 2.408 | 0,0 |
| Ciclo combinado | 24.562 | 0,0 | 1.688 | 26.250 | 0,0 | |
| Cogeneración | 5.534 | -0,1 | 50 | - | 5.583 | -0,1 |
| Residuos no renovables | 387 | 0,0 | 38 | 0,0 | 426 | 0,0 |
| No Renovables | 44.163 | -0,0 | 4.418 | 0,0 | 48.580 | -0,0 |
| Total | 119.925 | 5,3 | 5.694 | 3,2 | 125.620 | 5,2 |
| 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - |
0 Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente REDHISP Grupo de Redes Hidráulicas y Sistemas a PresiónLA ENERGÍA HIDROELÉCTRICA: POTENCIA GLOBAL Y DATOS DE GENERACIÓN. ESPAÑA. 11
150.000 125.000 2023 Hidraulica: 17.097 MW . Turbinacion bombeo: 3.331 MW 100.000 . Nuclear: 7.117 MW @ Carbón: 3.464 MW + Fuel - Gas: 8 MW MW 75.000 @ Mot res I: 769 MW Tu e s: 1.149 MW Tu e vapor: 483 MW Ci :26.250 MW Hi ica MW E MW 5 25.000 5 304 MW : 1.097 MW 0 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Residuos renovables: 170 MW Potencia total: 125.620 MW
0 Instituto de Ingeniería del Agua y Medio Ambiente Fuente: ree.es REDHISP Grupo de Redes Hidráulicas y Sistemas a Presión 50.000 roe taica: 25.549 MW OVE C era 5.583 MW Residuo 05 no renovables: 426 MW